Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Cell Division

Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Circulatory System

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Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Circulatory System

PAGE NO : 90
Solution 1: Circulatory system: It is a system of organs that takes part in the flow of materials in the body of an organism inside an extracellular fluid.
Circulatory system in humans:

  1. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from all the parts of the body through large veins called vena cava.
  2. When the right atrium is full of blood, it contracts and the blood is forced into right ventricle.
  3. When the right ventricle is full of blood, it contracts and the blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk.
  4. From right ventricle, the pulmonary artery carries the blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
  5. The oxygenated blood returns to the heart via pulmonary veins that empty into the left auricle.
  6. When the left auricle contracts, the blood passes into the left ventricle by the opening of bicuspid valve.
  7. On contraction of the left ventricle, the blood is pumped into the artery called aorta.
  8. The aorta branches into vessels which transports blood to the heart and all the body parts.

Solution 2:

  1. The SA is also called the pacemaker because it establishes the basic frequency at which the heart beats. It starts each heart beat and sets the pace for the whole heart.
  2. There is no mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood in the human heart because of double circulation of blood where the blood passes twice through the heart and the right half of the heart is concerned with pumping deoxygenated blood while the left is concerned with pumping of oxygenated blood.
  3. The closed circulatory system is more efficient than the open system because in closed system the blood flows inside arteries or veins all the time which stops the mixing of blood with other bodily fluids and helps the transport of the blood around the body.
  4. The left ventricle possess a thicker wall than the right ventricle because it pumps the blood at a higher pressure since blood from the left ventricle goes to all areas of the body while the right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs which is a much shorter distance, therefore less pressure is required.

Solution 3:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Circulatory System 1

Solution 4:
The functions of blood plasma : It transports gases and other materials, maintains blood pH, body immunity, body heat regulation and also regulates the osmotic pressure of the blood.

Solution 5:
Double circulation means during one circulation blood passes twice through the heart. It includes both pulmonary and systemic circulation. It is necessary as it keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate.

Solution 6:
The materials which are carried by the blood are: oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, digested food, organic wastes, hormones and antibodies.

Solution 7:
The main function of erythrocytes is to transport the respiratory gases – CO2 and O2.

Solution 8:

  1. Fibrinogen
  2. Phagocytosis
  3. Haemoglobin
  4. Auricular systole
  5. Angiology
  6. Pericarditis
  7. Tricuspid valve
  8. Foramen ovale
  9. Polycythemia
  10. Lubb

PAGE NO : 91
Solution 9:

  1. Histone
  2. Foramen ovales
  3. Nerve
  4. RBC
  5. Albumin

Solution 10:

  1. Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava and coronary sinus
  2. Ventricles
  3. Function of bicuspid valve: It prevents the reverse flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left auricle.
  4. Function of tricuspid valve: It prevents the reverse flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right auricle.

Solution 11:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Circulatory System 2

Solution 12:

  1. (c) Pulmonary vein
  2. (b) Thebasius valve
  3. (d) Aorta
  4. (e) Pulmonary arch
  5. (a) Clotting

Solution 13:

  1. (d) 5 l
  2. (c ) Left ventricle
  3. (b) Capillaries
  4. (a) bone marrow
  5. (c ) 120 days
  6. (a) myogenic
  7. (a) Eustachian valve
  8. (c ) ventricle
  9. (b) 70-80
  10. (c ) Monocytes
  11. (d) 90%
  12. (c) William Harvey
  13. (b) Spleen
  14. (d) all the above
  15. (d) O

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Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Excretory System

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Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Excretory System

PAGE NO : 97
Solution 1:
Separation and elimination of the metabolic nitrogenous wastes from the body is called excretion.
Kidneys, skin and lungs are important excretory organs.

Solution 2:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and urine

Solution 3:
Ammonia is toxic in even small amounts and therefore it must be removed from the body. The urea cycle or the orinithin cycle, in the liver, involves the conversion of ammonia into urea. Then the urea is then transported to the kidneys where it is excreted.

Solution 4:
Nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.
Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.

Solution 5:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Excretory System 1

PAGE NO : 98
Solution 6:
Dialysis is a process of separation of toxic substances from the blood stream through a membrane by kidney machine or artificial kidney.

Solution 7:

  1. Ammonotelic.
  2. Ureotelic.
  3. Uricotelic.
  4. Liver.
  5. Nephron.
  6. Urinary Bladder.
  7. Glomerulus.

Solution 8:

  1. Vein
  2. Heart
  3. Haemoglobin
  4. Glomerulus
  5. Nerve
  6. Brain

Solution 9:

  1. Separation and elimination of the metabolic nitrogenous wastes from the body is called excretion.
  2. Nephron.
  3. The cortex of kidney shows dotted appearance because it contains numerous complex structures called nephrons.
  4. Formation of urine and osmoregulation are important functions of kidney.

Solution 10:

  1. (a) kidney
  2. (a) pigeon
  3. (c) haematuria
  4. (d) anuria
  5. (d) Nothing will happen
  6. (a) liver
  7. (b) urease
  8. (b) vitamin C
  9. (b) liver
  10. (c) nephron
  11. (b) renal papilla

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Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Nervous System

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Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Nervous System

PAGE NO 115
Solution 1:

  1. Central Nervous System
  2. Autonomic Nervous System
  3. Conus medullaris / Medullary cone
  4. Mixed neurons
  5. Neuroscience
  6. Sensory neurons
  7. Motor neurons
  8. White matter
  9. White matter
  10. Dura mater
  11. Neuron
  12. Meninges
  13. Cranium
  14. Neocortex / Neopallium
  15. Limbic system
  16. Corpora quadrigemina
  17. Olfactory Lobes
  18. Median fissure
  19. Agraphia
  20. Brain
  21. Aphasia
  22. Trigeminal nerve
  23. Sympathetic nervous system
  24. Dendrites
  25. Bipolar neuron
  26. Sclera
  27. Myopia
  28. Semicircular canal
  29. Rhodopsin

PAGE NO : 116
Solution 2:

  1. Ear pinna – The pinna or the external ear collects the sound waves from different directions and send them to the middle ear.
  2. External auditory meatus It forms a passage from the pinna to the eardrum.
  3. Cochlea – It converts vibrations into nerve impulses and thus helps in hearing.
  4. Semicircular canals – It responds to change in position and maintains balance.
  5. Lachrymal gland – It secretes a watery fluid which washes the surface of eyes.
  6. Eyelids – It blinks to clean the dust and grit from the cornea.
  7. Retina – It is a photosensitive layer to receive the image.
  8. Eye lens – It focuses the image on the retina.
  9. Pupil – It regulates the amount of light that enters the eye.
  10. Olfactory lobe – These are concerned with the sense of smell.
  11. Optic lobe – These are concerned with vision.
  12. Medulla oblongata – It controls involuntary functions of the body like – coughing, swallowing, breathing, heartbeat, etc.

Solution 3:

  1. Nephron
  2. Blind spot
  3. Myelin
  4. Olfactory lobe
  5. Cranial nerve

Solution 4:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 1

Solution 5:

  1. Nerve impulse – It is an electrochemical change occurring in the membrane of a nerve fibre produced by a stimulus.
  2. Axon – It is a fibre like process of the neuron which carries impulses away from the cell body.
  3. Cyton – It is an oval, angular, polygonal or stellate body which contains a large central nucleus.
  4. Action potential – A momentary change in electrical potential on the surface of a cell, or a nerve or muscle cell, that occurs when it is stimulated, resulting in the transmission of an electrical impulse.
  5. Reflex action – It is an immediate and involuntary response to a stimulus.
  6. Yellow spot – It is the region of best vision where more cone cells are present.
  7. Blind spot – It is the region of no image formation because of lack of cone cells.
  8. Power of accommodation – It is the ability of the lens to focus on far and distant objects.

Solution 6:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 2
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 3

Solution 7:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 4

PAGE NO : 117
Solution 8:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 5

Solution 9:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 6

Solution 10:

  1. A – Cerebrum; B – Cerebellum; C – Medulla oblongata
  2. (A) Cerebrum – It is concerned with intelligence, memory and voluntary activities.
  3. Cerebellum – It is concerned with body equilibrium.
  4. Medulla oblongata It controls all involuntary activities like heart beat, respiration, etc.
    The three protective membranes covering the brain are :

    •  Dura mater
    • Arachnoid mater
    • Pia mater.
  5. Neuron is the basic unit of the brain.

PAGE NO : 118

Solution 11:

  1. Meninges – It is located around the brain and spinal cord.
  2. Ganglia – It is located outside the brain and spinal cord.
  3. Cerebellum – It is located behind cerebrum and above medulla oblongata in the brain.
  4. Nodes of Ranvier – It is located on the unmyelinated areas on the axon.
  5. Effector organs – It is located in muscle , gland or any organ of the body.

Solution 12:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 7

Solution 13:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 8

Solution 14:

  1. Iris: It is located in the eye. Its function is to protect the eyeball and controls the size of the pupil.
  2. Semicircular canals: It is located in the inner ear. These are concerned with the body equilibrium.

Solution 15:
Following are the two examples of reflex actions in our daily life :

  1. Removing hand suddenly when pricked by a thorn.
  2. Blinking of eyelids on exposure to light.

Solution 16:

  1. Reflex action – It is an immediate and involuntary response to a stimulus.
  2. Example of a conditioned reflex: Tying one’s shoe lace.

Solution 17:

  1. (a) Bone of skull
  2. (b) Inner ear
  3. (c) Eardrum
  4. (d) Bone of skull
  5. (e) Bone of middle ear
  6. (f) Middle ear
  7. (g) Air filled
  8. (ii) (b) Inner ear – It transmits the impulse to brain.
  9. (d) Bone of skull – It helps in fixing the position of the ears to help the brain use auditory cues to judge direction and distance of sounds.
  10. (g) Air filled – It keeps the pressure in the middle ear equalized with pressure in the outside.
  11. (iii) The main division of the ear are: outer ear, middle ear and inner ear.
  12. (iv) Stirrup
  13. (v) The labyrinth is the inner ear which consists of utriculus, sacculus, cochlea and three semicircular canals.

Solution 18:

  1. A – Semi-circular canal
    B – Utriculus
    C – Sacculus
    D – Cochlea
    (ii) Auditory nerve.
    (iii) 1. Utriculus and sacculus
  2. Semi-circular canal
  3. Cochlea
  4. Sensory cells of organ of Corti
  5. Perilymph

Solution 19:

  1. Cochlea – It helps in hearing by transmitting impulses to the brain through auditory nerves.
  2. Fovea centralis – It is a point at retina where more cone cells are concentrated and thus produces sharpest vision.
  3. Three semicircular canals – It maintains the dynamic equilibrium.
  4. Retina – It prevents the reflection of light.
  5. Lachrymal glands – It produces tear to lubricate the eyeball.

Solution 20:
The arrangement of neurons in
Cerebrum: cytons are present outside and axons are inside
Spinal cord: cytons are present inside and axons are outside.

Solution 211:
Functions of medulla oblongata –

  1. It controls the involuntary activities like – respiration, circulation, digestion, etc.
  2. It controls the dilation and constriction of blood vessels.

Solution 22:
Reflex action – It is an immediate and involuntary response to a stimulus.
Example – 1. Blinking of eyelids on exposure to light .
2. Knee jerk.

PAGE NO : 119

Solution 23:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 9

Solution 24:
Cone cells.

Solution 25:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 10

Solution 26:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 11

Solution 27:

  1. Cochlea: It helps in hearing by transmitting impulses to the brain through auditory nerves.
  2. Meninges: It provides protection to brain and spinal cord.

Solution 28:
One feels blinded for a short while on coming out of a dark room.This is called light adaptation of the eye.It is due to the constriction of the pupil to prevent the entry of light into the eye and pigment rhodopsin is bleached to reduce the sensitivity of the rods.

Solution 29:

  1. Iris
  2. Cerebrospinal fluid

Solution 30:

  1. True
  2. True
  3. True
  4. True
  5. False
  6. True
  7.  False
  8. False

PAGE NO : 120
Solution 31:

  1. (d) nerve cell
  2. (b) cerebrum
  3. (a) 31
  4. (b) 12
  5. (a) dura mater
  6. (a) ear
  7. (c) rhodopsin
  8. (a) twilight vision
  9. (d) macula
  10. (d) two nerves
  11. (c) hearing
  12. (b) 31
  13. (a) eustachian
  14. (c) iris
  15. (b) cones
  16. (b) Ear
  17. (d) corpus callosum
  18. (d) eye
  19. (d) filter light
  20. (b) the two cerebral hemispheres

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Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Endocrine System

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Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Endocrine System

PAGE NO :128
Solution 1:

  1. Pituitary gland
  2. Somatotrophin
  3. Thyroxine
  4. Pancreas
  5. Liver
  6. Adrenal gland
  7. Adenohypophysis
  8. Neurohypophysis
  9. Thyroxine

Solution 2:

  1. Somatotrophic Hormone – It is essential for the normal growth of an organism.
  2. Thyroid stimulating hormone – It stimulates the activity as well as the growth of thyroid glands.
  3. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone – It stimulates the activity of adrenal cortex.
  4. Gonadotrophic hormone – It promotes the growth of ovarian follicles in females and the growth of sperms in males.
  5. Insulin hormone – It lowers the blood sugar level.
  6. Corpus luteum – It secretes progesterone.
  7. Glucagon hormone – It raises the blood sugar level.

Solution 3:

  1. Insulin
  2. STH
  3. Islets of Langerhans
  4. STH
  5. Insulin

Solution 4:

  1. FSH – Follicle stimulating hormone
  2. LTH – Luteotropic hormone

Solution 5:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 1

PAGE NO :129
Solution 6:

  1. (b)
  2. (c)
  3. (a)
  4. (e)
  5. (d)

Solution 7:

  1. True
  2. False
  3. False
  4. False
  5. False

Solution 8:

  1. Hormone – The secretions of endocrine glands which are carried by blood to the target organs are called hormones.
  2. Endocrine gland – The glands without ducts which secrete hormones are called endocrine glands.
  3. Exocrine gland – The glands with ducts which secrete enzymes are called exocrine glands.
  4. Hypothyroidism – It is the under secretion of thyroxine by thyroid gland which leads to retarded growth and mental development in infants.
  5. Hyperglycemia – Increase in blood sugar level is called hyperglycemia.
  6. Hypersecretion – The over activity of any gland leads to over secretion of hormones called hypersecretion.

Solution 9:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 2

Solution 10:

  1. Diabetes mellitus – Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by the deficiency of insulin hormone.
  2. Beta cells – Beta cells are the cells of pancreas that secrete insulin.
  3. Exophthalmic goitre – The over activity of thyroid gland leads to its enlargement, producing a big swelling in the neck region called exophthalmic goiter.
  4. Releasing hormones – A substance produced by the hypothalamus that is capable of accelerating the secretion of a given hormone by the anterior pituitary gland.

Solution 11:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 3

Solution 12:
Insulin secreted by pancreas controls the level of glucose in blood.

Solution 13:
Adrenaline is called an emergency hormone because it brings rapid physiological responses to emergencies like danger, fear or other situations requiring vigorous action.

Solution 14:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 4

Solution 15:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 5
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 6
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 7
Solution 16:

  1. Exophthalmic goitre – It is caused due to over activity of thyroid gland.
    Symptoms are – Enlargement and protrusion of the gland below the chin, increased pulse rate, nervousness and bulging of the eyes.
  2. Diabetes mellitus – It is caused due to less secretion of the insulin hormone.
    Symptoms are – Frequent urination, Sudden weight gain or weight loss, Excessive thirst and hunger.

Solution 17:
In hilly region, water has less iodine which is required for the production of thyroxine. So due to the deficiency of thyroxine, people suffer from goiter.

Solution 18:
Insulin is a protein hormone and if it is given orally it would be digested upon by the protein digesting enzymes in the alimentary canal.

Solution 19:

  1. The endocrine cells present in pancreas are: alpha cells, beta cells and delta cells.
  2. Insulin and glucagon.
  3. Insulin – It lowers the glucose level in the blood.
  4. Glucagon – It raises the level of glucose in the blood.

Solution 20:

  1. Adrenaline
  2. Insulin
  3. Glucagon
  4. Thyroxine
  5. Calcitonin
  6. Adrenaline
  7. Growth stimulating hormone
  8. Sex corticoids
  9. Antidiuretic hormone
  10. Non adrenaline

Solution 21:

  1. (b) Diabetes
  2. (b) Adrenal gland
  3. (d) Pancreas
  4. (b) Gigantism
  5. (a) Insulin
  6. (b) Liver
  7. (c) Target
  8. (c) under secretion of insulin
  9. (a) beta cells of pancreas
  10. (d) glucagon
  11. (c) progesterone

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Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Reproductive System

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Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Reproductive System

Solution 1:

  1. Testes
  2. Ovary
  3. Uterus
  4. Oviduct
  5. Fertilization
  6. Parthenogenesis
  7. Testes and ovaries

Solution 2:

  1. penis
  2. vagina
  3. oviduct
  4. female
  5. oviduct

Solution 3:

  1. Ovary: To produce ova and three female sex hormones i.e oestrogen, progesterone and relaxin.
  2. Fallopian tube: To transport eggs from ovary to uterus and it a site of fertilization.
  3. Uterus: To protect and provide nutrients for the developing embryo.
  4. Vagina: To receive the seminal fluid.
  5. Testes: To produce sperms and male sex hormone i.e. testosterone.
  6. Penis: deposition of semen into the female’s vagina.

Solution 4:

  1. Parthenogenesis: It is a type of asexual reproduction in which a female gamete or egg cell develops into an individual without fertilization.
  2. Asexual reproduction: It is the type of reproduction in which the offspring are formed without the production of gametes.
  3. Sexual reproduction: It is the type of reproduction in which the offspring are formed after the fusion of gametes.
  4. Dioceious: It is the individual / organism having male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals.
  5. Monoecious: It is the individual / organism having male and female reproductive organs in the same individual.
  6. Clone: It is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms asexually descended from a common ancestor.

Solution 5:

  1. Parturition: The expulsion of the foetus from the mother’s body is called parturition.
  2. Ovulation: The process of release of an egg from the ovary is called ovulation.
  3. Spermatogenesis: The production and development of sperms is called spermatogenesis.
  4. Gestation: The period in which an embryo develops in the uterus is called gestation.
  5. Implantation: The attachment of developing zygote to the uterine wall is called implantation.

Solution 6:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Reproductive System 1

PAGE NO : 142
Solution 7:

  1. Graafian follicle
  2. Uterus
  3. Ovulation is the process of releasing of egg from the ovary.
  4. The hormones secreted by the ovary are: oestrogen and progesterone.

Solution 8:

  1. Peritoneum
  2. Ureter
  3. Backbone
  4. Rectum
  5. Seminal vesicle
  6. Glands
  7. Anus
  8. Vas deferens
  9. Epididymis
  10. Left testis
  11. Scrotum
  12. Penis
  13. Urethra
  14. Vascular erectile tissue
  15. Bladder
  16. Muscular wall of abdomen
    The two functions of part 6 are :

    • Prostate gland secretes an alkaline milky secretion into semen that aids in sperm motility.
    • Cowper’s gland also secretes a lubricant.
  17. The three components of urine are urea, uric acid, amino acids, glucose, sodium, potassium, vitamins etc.
  18. he main function of the part labelled 3 is backbone. Its function is to give support, movement and protection to the spinal cord.

Solution 9:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Reproductive System 2

Solution 10:

  1. Graafian follicle
  2. Seminal vesicles and prostate gland
  3. Uterus
  4. Parturition
  5. Oviduct

PAGE NO : 143
Solution 11:

  1. Fallopian tube
  2. Funnel like opening
  3. Uterus
  4. Sacrum
  5. Rectum
  6. Cervix
  7. Anus
  8. Vagina
  9. Front of pelvis
  10. Bladder
  11. Muscular uterine wall
  12. Muscular wall of abdomen
  13. Peritoneum
  14. Normally, after 28 days an ovary releases an egg.
  15. During coitus, sperm are released in the vagina.
  16. After ejaculation in vagina, sperms undergo fertilization where it fuses with an ovum of female to form zygote.
  17. The function of sacrum is to protect the pelvic organs or reproductive organs of female.
  18. The gestation period in human is 280 days.

Solution 12:

  1. False
  2. False
  3. True
  4. False
  5. True

Solution 13:
False.
Pregnancy in women can be prevented by the method of tubectomy.

Solution 14:
Amnion.

Solution 15:

  1. Menarche
  2. Ovulation
  3. Menstruation
  4. Fertilization
  5. Implantation

Solution 16:

  1. (b) continuity of race
  2. (b) asexual reproduction
  3. (b) female gamete
  4. (c) Parthenogenesis
  5. (b) vagina
  6. (c ) castration
  7. (b) oviduct
  8. (c ) puberty
  9. (b) menarche
  10. (c ) 20-30C below the body temperature
  11. (d) menarche
  12. (b) 10 days

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