Frank ICSE Class 10 Solutions

Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Nervous System

by

Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Nervous System

PAGE NO 115
Solution 1:

  1. Central Nervous System
  2. Autonomic Nervous System
  3. Conus medullaris / Medullary cone
  4. Mixed neurons
  5. Neuroscience
  6. Sensory neurons
  7. Motor neurons
  8. White matter
  9. White matter
  10. Dura mater
  11. Neuron
  12. Meninges
  13. Cranium
  14. Neocortex / Neopallium
  15. Limbic system
  16. Corpora quadrigemina
  17. Olfactory Lobes
  18. Median fissure
  19. Agraphia
  20. Brain
  21. Aphasia
  22. Trigeminal nerve
  23. Sympathetic nervous system
  24. Dendrites
  25. Bipolar neuron
  26. Sclera
  27. Myopia
  28. Semicircular canal
  29. Rhodopsin

PAGE NO : 116
Solution 2:

  1. Ear pinna – The pinna or the external ear collects the sound waves from different directions and send them to the middle ear.
  2. External auditory meatus It forms a passage from the pinna to the eardrum.
  3. Cochlea – It converts vibrations into nerve impulses and thus helps in hearing.
  4. Semicircular canals – It responds to change in position and maintains balance.
  5. Lachrymal gland – It secretes a watery fluid which washes the surface of eyes.
  6. Eyelids – It blinks to clean the dust and grit from the cornea.
  7. Retina – It is a photosensitive layer to receive the image.
  8. Eye lens – It focuses the image on the retina.
  9. Pupil – It regulates the amount of light that enters the eye.
  10. Olfactory lobe – These are concerned with the sense of smell.
  11. Optic lobe – These are concerned with vision.
  12. Medulla oblongata – It controls involuntary functions of the body like – coughing, swallowing, breathing, heartbeat, etc.

Solution 3:

  1. Nephron
  2. Blind spot
  3. Myelin
  4. Olfactory lobe
  5. Cranial nerve

Solution 4:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 1

Solution 5:

  1. Nerve impulse – It is an electrochemical change occurring in the membrane of a nerve fibre produced by a stimulus.
  2. Axon – It is a fibre like process of the neuron which carries impulses away from the cell body.
  3. Cyton – It is an oval, angular, polygonal or stellate body which contains a large central nucleus.
  4. Action potential – A momentary change in electrical potential on the surface of a cell, or a nerve or muscle cell, that occurs when it is stimulated, resulting in the transmission of an electrical impulse.
  5. Reflex action – It is an immediate and involuntary response to a stimulus.
  6. Yellow spot – It is the region of best vision where more cone cells are present.
  7. Blind spot – It is the region of no image formation because of lack of cone cells.
  8. Power of accommodation – It is the ability of the lens to focus on far and distant objects.

Solution 6:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 2
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 3

Solution 7:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 4

PAGE NO : 117
Solution 8:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 5

Solution 9:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 6

Solution 10:

  1. A – Cerebrum; B – Cerebellum; C – Medulla oblongata
  2. (A) Cerebrum – It is concerned with intelligence, memory and voluntary activities.
  3. Cerebellum – It is concerned with body equilibrium.
  4. Medulla oblongata It controls all involuntary activities like heart beat, respiration, etc.
    The three protective membranes covering the brain are :

    •  Dura mater
    • Arachnoid mater
    • Pia mater.
  5. Neuron is the basic unit of the brain.

PAGE NO : 118

Solution 11:

  1. Meninges – It is located around the brain and spinal cord.
  2. Ganglia – It is located outside the brain and spinal cord.
  3. Cerebellum – It is located behind cerebrum and above medulla oblongata in the brain.
  4. Nodes of Ranvier – It is located on the unmyelinated areas on the axon.
  5. Effector organs – It is located in muscle , gland or any organ of the body.

Solution 12:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 7

Solution 13:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 8

Solution 14:

  1. Iris: It is located in the eye. Its function is to protect the eyeball and controls the size of the pupil.
  2. Semicircular canals: It is located in the inner ear. These are concerned with the body equilibrium.

Solution 15:
Following are the two examples of reflex actions in our daily life :

  1. Removing hand suddenly when pricked by a thorn.
  2. Blinking of eyelids on exposure to light.

Solution 16:

  1. Reflex action – It is an immediate and involuntary response to a stimulus.
  2. Example of a conditioned reflex: Tying one’s shoe lace.

Solution 17:

  1. (a) Bone of skull
  2. (b) Inner ear
  3. (c) Eardrum
  4. (d) Bone of skull
  5. (e) Bone of middle ear
  6. (f) Middle ear
  7. (g) Air filled
  8. (ii) (b) Inner ear – It transmits the impulse to brain.
  9. (d) Bone of skull – It helps in fixing the position of the ears to help the brain use auditory cues to judge direction and distance of sounds.
  10. (g) Air filled – It keeps the pressure in the middle ear equalized with pressure in the outside.
  11. (iii) The main division of the ear are: outer ear, middle ear and inner ear.
  12. (iv) Stirrup
  13. (v) The labyrinth is the inner ear which consists of utriculus, sacculus, cochlea and three semicircular canals.

Solution 18:

  1. A – Semi-circular canal
    B – Utriculus
    C – Sacculus
    D – Cochlea
    (ii) Auditory nerve.
    (iii) 1. Utriculus and sacculus
  2. Semi-circular canal
  3. Cochlea
  4. Sensory cells of organ of Corti
  5. Perilymph

Solution 19:

  1. Cochlea – It helps in hearing by transmitting impulses to the brain through auditory nerves.
  2. Fovea centralis – It is a point at retina where more cone cells are concentrated and thus produces sharpest vision.
  3. Three semicircular canals – It maintains the dynamic equilibrium.
  4. Retina – It prevents the reflection of light.
  5. Lachrymal glands – It produces tear to lubricate the eyeball.

Solution 20:
The arrangement of neurons in
Cerebrum: cytons are present outside and axons are inside
Spinal cord: cytons are present inside and axons are outside.

Solution 211:
Functions of medulla oblongata –

  1. It controls the involuntary activities like – respiration, circulation, digestion, etc.
  2. It controls the dilation and constriction of blood vessels.

Solution 22:
Reflex action – It is an immediate and involuntary response to a stimulus.
Example – 1. Blinking of eyelids on exposure to light .
2. Knee jerk.

PAGE NO : 119

Solution 23:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 9

Solution 24:
Cone cells.

Solution 25:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 10

Solution 26:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Nervous System 11

Solution 27:

  1. Cochlea: It helps in hearing by transmitting impulses to the brain through auditory nerves.
  2. Meninges: It provides protection to brain and spinal cord.

Solution 28:
One feels blinded for a short while on coming out of a dark room.This is called light adaptation of the eye.It is due to the constriction of the pupil to prevent the entry of light into the eye and pigment rhodopsin is bleached to reduce the sensitivity of the rods.

Solution 29:

  1. Iris
  2. Cerebrospinal fluid

Solution 30:

  1. True
  2. True
  3. True
  4. True
  5. False
  6. True
  7.  False
  8. False

PAGE NO : 120
Solution 31:

  1. (d) nerve cell
  2. (b) cerebrum
  3. (a) 31
  4. (b) 12
  5. (a) dura mater
  6. (a) ear
  7. (c) rhodopsin
  8. (a) twilight vision
  9. (d) macula
  10. (d) two nerves
  11. (c) hearing
  12. (b) 31
  13. (a) eustachian
  14. (c) iris
  15. (b) cones
  16. (b) Ear
  17. (d) corpus callosum
  18. (d) eye
  19. (d) filter light
  20. (b) the two cerebral hemispheres

BiologyChemistryPhysicsMaths

Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Endocrine System

by

Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Endocrine System

PAGE NO :128
Solution 1:

  1. Pituitary gland
  2. Somatotrophin
  3. Thyroxine
  4. Pancreas
  5. Liver
  6. Adrenal gland
  7. Adenohypophysis
  8. Neurohypophysis
  9. Thyroxine

Solution 2:

  1. Somatotrophic Hormone – It is essential for the normal growth of an organism.
  2. Thyroid stimulating hormone – It stimulates the activity as well as the growth of thyroid glands.
  3. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone – It stimulates the activity of adrenal cortex.
  4. Gonadotrophic hormone – It promotes the growth of ovarian follicles in females and the growth of sperms in males.
  5. Insulin hormone – It lowers the blood sugar level.
  6. Corpus luteum – It secretes progesterone.
  7. Glucagon hormone – It raises the blood sugar level.

Solution 3:

  1. Insulin
  2. STH
  3. Islets of Langerhans
  4. STH
  5. Insulin

Solution 4:

  1. FSH – Follicle stimulating hormone
  2. LTH – Luteotropic hormone

Solution 5:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 1

PAGE NO :129
Solution 6:

  1. (b)
  2. (c)
  3. (a)
  4. (e)
  5. (d)

Solution 7:

  1. True
  2. False
  3. False
  4. False
  5. False

Solution 8:

  1. Hormone – The secretions of endocrine glands which are carried by blood to the target organs are called hormones.
  2. Endocrine gland – The glands without ducts which secrete hormones are called endocrine glands.
  3. Exocrine gland – The glands with ducts which secrete enzymes are called exocrine glands.
  4. Hypothyroidism – It is the under secretion of thyroxine by thyroid gland which leads to retarded growth and mental development in infants.
  5. Hyperglycemia – Increase in blood sugar level is called hyperglycemia.
  6. Hypersecretion – The over activity of any gland leads to over secretion of hormones called hypersecretion.

Solution 9:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 2

Solution 10:

  1. Diabetes mellitus – Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by the deficiency of insulin hormone.
  2. Beta cells – Beta cells are the cells of pancreas that secrete insulin.
  3. Exophthalmic goitre – The over activity of thyroid gland leads to its enlargement, producing a big swelling in the neck region called exophthalmic goiter.
  4. Releasing hormones – A substance produced by the hypothalamus that is capable of accelerating the secretion of a given hormone by the anterior pituitary gland.

Solution 11:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 3

Solution 12:
Insulin secreted by pancreas controls the level of glucose in blood.

Solution 13:
Adrenaline is called an emergency hormone because it brings rapid physiological responses to emergencies like danger, fear or other situations requiring vigorous action.

Solution 14:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 4

Solution 15:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 5
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 6
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Endocrine System 7
Solution 16:

  1. Exophthalmic goitre – It is caused due to over activity of thyroid gland.
    Symptoms are – Enlargement and protrusion of the gland below the chin, increased pulse rate, nervousness and bulging of the eyes.
  2. Diabetes mellitus – It is caused due to less secretion of the insulin hormone.
    Symptoms are – Frequent urination, Sudden weight gain or weight loss, Excessive thirst and hunger.

Solution 17:
In hilly region, water has less iodine which is required for the production of thyroxine. So due to the deficiency of thyroxine, people suffer from goiter.

Solution 18:
Insulin is a protein hormone and if it is given orally it would be digested upon by the protein digesting enzymes in the alimentary canal.

Solution 19:

  1. The endocrine cells present in pancreas are: alpha cells, beta cells and delta cells.
  2. Insulin and glucagon.
  3. Insulin – It lowers the glucose level in the blood.
  4. Glucagon – It raises the level of glucose in the blood.

Solution 20:

  1. Adrenaline
  2. Insulin
  3. Glucagon
  4. Thyroxine
  5. Calcitonin
  6. Adrenaline
  7. Growth stimulating hormone
  8. Sex corticoids
  9. Antidiuretic hormone
  10. Non adrenaline

Solution 21:

  1. (b) Diabetes
  2. (b) Adrenal gland
  3. (d) Pancreas
  4. (b) Gigantism
  5. (a) Insulin
  6. (b) Liver
  7. (c) Target
  8. (c) under secretion of insulin
  9. (a) beta cells of pancreas
  10. (d) glucagon
  11. (c) progesterone

BiologyChemistryPhysicsMaths

Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Reproductive System

by

Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Reproductive System

Solution 1:

  1. Testes
  2. Ovary
  3. Uterus
  4. Oviduct
  5. Fertilization
  6. Parthenogenesis
  7. Testes and ovaries

Solution 2:

  1. penis
  2. vagina
  3. oviduct
  4. female
  5. oviduct

Solution 3:

  1. Ovary: To produce ova and three female sex hormones i.e oestrogen, progesterone and relaxin.
  2. Fallopian tube: To transport eggs from ovary to uterus and it a site of fertilization.
  3. Uterus: To protect and provide nutrients for the developing embryo.
  4. Vagina: To receive the seminal fluid.
  5. Testes: To produce sperms and male sex hormone i.e. testosterone.
  6. Penis: deposition of semen into the female’s vagina.

Solution 4:

  1. Parthenogenesis: It is a type of asexual reproduction in which a female gamete or egg cell develops into an individual without fertilization.
  2. Asexual reproduction: It is the type of reproduction in which the offspring are formed without the production of gametes.
  3. Sexual reproduction: It is the type of reproduction in which the offspring are formed after the fusion of gametes.
  4. Dioceious: It is the individual / organism having male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals.
  5. Monoecious: It is the individual / organism having male and female reproductive organs in the same individual.
  6. Clone: It is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms asexually descended from a common ancestor.

Solution 5:

  1. Parturition: The expulsion of the foetus from the mother’s body is called parturition.
  2. Ovulation: The process of release of an egg from the ovary is called ovulation.
  3. Spermatogenesis: The production and development of sperms is called spermatogenesis.
  4. Gestation: The period in which an embryo develops in the uterus is called gestation.
  5. Implantation: The attachment of developing zygote to the uterine wall is called implantation.

Solution 6:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Reproductive System 1

PAGE NO : 142
Solution 7:

  1. Graafian follicle
  2. Uterus
  3. Ovulation is the process of releasing of egg from the ovary.
  4. The hormones secreted by the ovary are: oestrogen and progesterone.

Solution 8:

  1. Peritoneum
  2. Ureter
  3. Backbone
  4. Rectum
  5. Seminal vesicle
  6. Glands
  7. Anus
  8. Vas deferens
  9. Epididymis
  10. Left testis
  11. Scrotum
  12. Penis
  13. Urethra
  14. Vascular erectile tissue
  15. Bladder
  16. Muscular wall of abdomen
    The two functions of part 6 are :

    • Prostate gland secretes an alkaline milky secretion into semen that aids in sperm motility.
    • Cowper’s gland also secretes a lubricant.
  17. The three components of urine are urea, uric acid, amino acids, glucose, sodium, potassium, vitamins etc.
  18. he main function of the part labelled 3 is backbone. Its function is to give support, movement and protection to the spinal cord.

Solution 9:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Reproductive System 2

Solution 10:

  1. Graafian follicle
  2. Seminal vesicles and prostate gland
  3. Uterus
  4. Parturition
  5. Oviduct

PAGE NO : 143
Solution 11:

  1. Fallopian tube
  2. Funnel like opening
  3. Uterus
  4. Sacrum
  5. Rectum
  6. Cervix
  7. Anus
  8. Vagina
  9. Front of pelvis
  10. Bladder
  11. Muscular uterine wall
  12. Muscular wall of abdomen
  13. Peritoneum
  14. Normally, after 28 days an ovary releases an egg.
  15. During coitus, sperm are released in the vagina.
  16. After ejaculation in vagina, sperms undergo fertilization where it fuses with an ovum of female to form zygote.
  17. The function of sacrum is to protect the pelvic organs or reproductive organs of female.
  18. The gestation period in human is 280 days.

Solution 12:

  1. False
  2. False
  3. True
  4. False
  5. True

Solution 13:
False.
Pregnancy in women can be prevented by the method of tubectomy.

Solution 14:
Amnion.

Solution 15:

  1. Menarche
  2. Ovulation
  3. Menstruation
  4. Fertilization
  5. Implantation

Solution 16:

  1. (b) continuity of race
  2. (b) asexual reproduction
  3. (b) female gamete
  4. (c) Parthenogenesis
  5. (b) vagina
  6. (c ) castration
  7. (b) oviduct
  8. (c ) puberty
  9. (b) menarche
  10. (c ) 20-30C below the body temperature
  11. (d) menarche
  12. (b) 10 days

BiologyChemistryPhysicsMaths

Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Human Population

by

Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Human Population

PAGE NO : 153
Solution 1:

  1. Population: It is the total number of individuals of a species found in a particular area.
  2. Sanitation: It refers to the formulation and application of measures intended to protect public health.
  3. Deforestation: It is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from an area and thereafter that area is converted to a no forest use.
  4. Birth control: It is an attempt to control the number of births in a family so that a couple may not have more than two children.
  5. Rhythm method: It is a natural method of birth control in which the couple attempts sexual intercourse a week before and a week after the menstrual cycle.
  6. Abstainence: It is the act or practice of refraining from sexual intercourse.
  7. Test-Tube baby: A test tube baby is one which is developed from an egg that was fertilized outside the body and then implanted in the uterus of the biological or surrogate mother.
  8. Birth rate: It is the total number of live births per thousand people of the population per year.
  9. Death rate: It is the number of deaths per thousand people of the population per year.
  10. Population density: It is the total number of individuals of a particular species in relation to unit area at any given time.
  11. Natality: It is the number of live births per thousand people of the population per year.

Solution 2:
Growth rate

Solution 3:
Demography

Solution 4:
The two important methods for birth control are:

  1. Vasectomy
  2. Tubectomy

Solution 5:
The two reasons for the rapid increase of population in India recently:

  1. Advancement of science and technology
  2. Better health care facilities

Solution 6:
The age restrictions for marriages by law for boys and girls in India are:
Boys: 21 years
Girls: 18 years

PAGE NO : 154
Solution 7:

  1. “Our resources cannot keep pace with the rising population”.
    • Population increases geometrically while food production is increasing arithmetically.
    • Rising population is putting heavy pressure on natural resources like water, land forest etc.
    • Fuel shortage is increasing day by day.
  2. The three steps which may be taken towards controlling the rapid rise in human population in India are:
    • Education: People should be educated about the advantages of a small family.
    • Marriageable age: Population can be controlled by raising the age limit for marriage.
    • Family planning: Voluntary family planning using birth control measures and contraceptives can check the growth of population.

Solution 8:
The main drawbacks of a large population are that it may lead to shortage of basic resources like food, water, fuel etc without which life would become impossible. In addition, overcrowding can also cause epidemics, poverty, unemployment etc.

Solution 9:
The steps taken by the Indian government to control population are:

  1. Establishment of health centers to advice and help people about family planning.
  2. Free distribution of barrier contraceptives like condoms.

Solution 10:
The two advantages of a small family are:

  1. Children can be provided with good health and good education along with the basic needs of life.
  2. Living standards of the family can be high.

Solution 11:
Population explosion: The exceptionally high rate of population growth is known as Population explosion.
The consequences of Population explosion may be overcrowding, shortage of resources like food, water, land, fuel etc. It can also result in unemployment, poverty, social unrest, epidemic, violence etc.

Solution 12:
Population density: It is the number of people per square kilometer at any given time.
Tubectomy is the operation made in women to prevent the flow of eggs into the oviduct.

Solution 13:
Following are the two reasons for the decline in death rate in India in recent times:

  1. Advancement in the field of medical science which leads to reduced morality rate.
  2. Longevity provided by better food and health services.

Solution 14:
The symbol of family welfare in our country is an ‘Inverted Red Triangle’.
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Human Population 1

Solution 15:
Family welfare centres are set up in hospitals and other health centres to advocate small families and to promote family welfare and planning. These centres advice people on issues such as family planning, gap between successive children etc without any cost.

Solution 16:
Following are the methods of fertility control in men and women:
Men: Vasectomy is a method of fertility control in men. In this method, a small portion of vas deferens is cut and is tied at both the ends.
Women: Tubectomy is a method of fertility control in women in which the fallopian tubes are cut and are tied at both the ends.

Solution 17:
Tubectomy is the surgical method of contraception in human female.

Solution 18:

  1. Population density
  2. Mortality

Solution 19:
The resources cannot keep pace with the rising population because:

  1. The demand of resources is much more than the supply. The population is growing at geometric progression (1, 2, 4, 8) while the production of food can increase only arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
  2. New towns and cities coming up to accommodate the growing population are putting strain on the agricultural land.

Solution 20:

  1. False
  2. False
  3. True
  4. True
  5. True

Solution 21:

  1. 2011
  2. Population density
  3. females, males
  4. two
  5. Natality
  6. Mortality
  7. Age ratio

Solution 22:

  1. Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Human Population 2
  2. Vasectomy
  3. Vas deferens
  4. Tubectomy
  5. The part which is ligated in females is Fallopian tube. This is done to prevent the flow of eggs into the oviduct and its fusion with the sperm.

PAGE NO : 155
Solution 23:

  1. (b) 20
  2. (d) 35 years
  3. (d) 7 billion
  4. (c) 840 million
  5. (c ) biotic potential
  6. (c ) loss and gain are equal
  7. (c) decrease in death rate and increase in longevity
  8. (d) copper-T
  9. (d) progesterone
  10. (c) to prevent the presence of sperms in the semen

BiologyChemistryPhysicsMaths

Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Health

by

Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions – Health

PAGE NO : 162
Solution 1:

  1. Disease: Any physical or physiological disorder in normal functioning of any organ or part of body is called disease.
  2. Health: Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social well being.
  3. Vaccinations: It is the practice of introducing vaccine (weakend or killed germs) into the body to develop immunity to a particular disease.
  4. Immunity: It is the ability of the body to resist microorganisms that enter the body and thus prevent diseases.
  5. Antiseptic: Antiseptics are chemicals applied on the body to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
  6. Cancer: Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body.
  7. Allergy: Allergy is a hypersensitive state acquired through exposure to a particular allergen such as drugs, pollens or microorganisms.
  8. Hypersensitivity: It refers to undesirable and excessive reactions in response to an allergen produced by the normal immune system.
  9. Immunization: It is the process by which the body is protected against disease by inoculating the person with vaccine.
  10. Disinfectant: Disinfectants are chemicals applied on the spots to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
  11. Penicillin: It is an antibiotic which was discovered firstly from a fungus , Penicillium notatum.
  12. Sulphonamide drugs: Sulphonamide drugs are a group of synthetic drugs which prevent the growth and multiplication of bacteria. They are commonly called as sulpha drugs.
  13. Acquired disease: Acquired diseases are those diseases which are caused by a pathogen or deficiency diseases.
  14. Prophylaxis: A prophylaxis is a measure taken to maintain health and prevent the spread of disease.
  15. Antibiotic: Antibiotics are the chemical substances formed from microorganisms which kill or prevent the growth of disease causing microbes.

Solution 2:
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Health 1
Frank ICSE Class 10 Biology Solutions - Health 2

Solution 3:
Artificial Respiration: It is a method of first-aid used to restore or maintain respiration in a person who has stopped breathing. The method uses mechanical or manual means to force air into and out of the lungs in a rhythmic fashion.

Solution 4:
DPT: Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus.

Solution 5:
Antigens, that cannot stimulate the immune system of the body of a person, are called haptene.

Solution 6:
The three germ killing secretions of our body are:

  1. Mucus secretions from windpipe
  2. Hydrochloric secretions from stomach
  3. Tears from eyes.

Solution 7:
BCG stands for: Bacillus Calmette Guerin.

Solution 8:

  1. Antiseptic: Antiseptic are mild chemical applied on the body to kill the microorganisms. Example: Halogens (I)
  2. Antibiotic: Antibiotic is a natural chemical substance produced by a microorganism, which inhibits or kills another microorganism. Example: Penicillin

Solution 9:

  1. Passive acquired immunity
  2. Antiseptics

Solution 10:
antibiotic

Solution 11:
Antiseptics are the chemical substances applied on the body to destroy or prevent the growth of microbes. It is harmless to skin and body. For example Alcohols, halogens can be used as antiseptic on skin.

Solution 12:
The two international health organisations are: WHO and Red Cross.

PAGE NO : 163

Solution 13:
Vaccination: It is the practice of artificially introducing the germs or the germ substances into the body for developing resistance to particular disease.

Solution 14:

  1. Disinfectants: Disinfectants are chemicals applied on the spots to prevent the growth of microorganisms. It is a strong germ-killing substance. But it may cause harm to skin and body. Example: Lysol, DDT etc.
  2. Penicillin: Penicillin is the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming. It is obtained from Penicillium notatum. It has a very high therapeutic value and used against a number of gram positive bacteria including those causing Rheumatic fever , pneumonia , sore throat etc.
  3. Sulphonamides: Sulphonamides popularly called sulpha drugs are a group of synthetic drugs which possess bacteriostatic property because they are able to block the enzyme system of bacteria.
  4. Vaccines: Vaccine is a preparation consisting of dead or weakend microbes which help to build immunity in the human body .When introduced in an individual, a vaccine stimulates the production of antibodies against the particular type of germs.

Solution 15:

  1. proteins that react with antigens or invading germs
  2. antigen
  3. Penicillin, rheumatic fever

Solution 16:

  1. True
  2. False
  3. True
  4. True
  5. False
  6. True
  7. False
  8. True

Solution 17:

  1. (a) Plasma Protein
  2. (b) destroy micro-organisms
  3. (a) I
  4. (c) Jenner
  5. (c) Tuberculosis
  6. (d) 1985
  7. (b) eradicating Polio by 2000.
  8. (c) diphtheria
  9. (b) virus
  10. (c) Small Pox

BiologyChemistryPhysicsMaths