A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions UN Agencies and the Role of UNO

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A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions UN Agencies and the Role of UNO.

These Solutions are part of A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions  Here we have given. A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions UN Agencies and the Role of UNO. 

EXERCISES

A. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words each :

Question 1.
Where are the headquarters of the UNESCO ?
Answer:
As a result of the recommendation of the Education Ministers of the member states of U.N.O., a non-political body for social and cultural upliftment was created in 1945 on November 4. The UNESCO has a General Assembly of its own. Its headquarters are at Paris.

Question 2.
What do you mean by UNICEF ?
Answer:
UNICEF or United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, was established in A.D. 1946. It is formed for the welfare of babies and their mothers through good nutrition, medical aids, help at the time of emergency. It helps the member states to run the welfare centers of children and mothers.

Question 3.
Give two examples to show how the U.N. averted wars between countries.
Answer:

  1. War between India and Pakistan, broke in 1947, 1965 and 1971 over the Kashmir issue. Every time it came to an end by intervention of U.N.O.
  2. The war between Turkey and Greece was averted by U.N.O. in 1967.

Question 4.
Name any two countries which won their freedom by the intervention of the United Nations.
Answer:

  1. Indonesia under the domination of Holland, won freedom through efforts of U.N.O. in 1945.
  2.  U.N.O. forced France to withdraw its troops from Libya and Syria by the efforts of U.N.O., on October 23, 2011 from Libya, which is now free, and Syria became free in 1946.

Question 5.
Name any country where civil war was stopped at the intervention of the U.N.O.
Answer:
A Civil War broke out in Congo in 1960. The U.N.O.helped to avert war by enforcing the cease fire. Congo was a colonial rule of Belgium.

B. Answer the following questions in 60-80 words each :

Question 1.
Enumerate the Special Agencies of the UNO. Give the aims of any one of them.
Answer:
Various important Agencies are the part of U.N.O. e.g. UNESCO, UNICEF, W.H.O., I.M.F., F.A.O., I.L.O. and the World Bank, etc. Out of these W.H.O. (World Health Organisation), it controls the field of health education. It promotes in the manufacture of new scientific medicines, checks epidemics like cholera, etc. Its aim is the eradication of Plague, Malaria, T.B., small-pox, etc. It provides healtheducation for prevention of diseases. So, it is a very essential group to help in healthy life with efficient projects.

Question 2.
When was UNESCO established ? Describe its main functions.
Answer:
It was established on November 4, 1945. Its main functions are to promote knowledge for better living, adult education, solving educational problems, science and technology for human welfare, development of cultural cooperation and cordial relationship between member states, so that the craze for world peace may be successful. Its headquarters are at Paris.

Question 3.
Describe the organisation and functions of World Bank.
Answer:
The World Bank is the combination of the following :
Body  Establishment-year
IBRD  1945
IFC      1956
IDA     1960
MIGA 1988
All of these work unitedly and have headquarters at Washington DC.
Their aim is to reduce poverty and improve the living standard of the people through economic growth. The World Bank acts as both a borrower and as a lender. It borrows from rich countries by selling its bonds. Particularly it helps the underdeveloped countries in raising their living standard.

Question 4.
How does the World Health Orgnisation help the World Community ?
Answer:
WHO is a remarkable organisation working for health maintenance. It provides health education. It was established in 1948 in Geneva. It works to eradicate fatal diseases like Plague, Malaria, T.B., small-pox, etc. It promotes the manufacture of new scientific medicines for better health provision. It has imparted an excellent job for health and better living opportunities to the whole world. It has proved the slogan of happiness “health is wealth”.

Question 5.
Estimate the role of the UN in maintaining world peace.
Answer:
U.N.O. was originally established for accomplishment of the world peace and it has become successful in this field. U.N. helped in maintaining peace, achieving independence condemning racial policy and promoting disarmament, etc.as follows:
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions UN Agencies and the Role of UNO 1
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions UN Agencies and the Role of UNO 2

C. Match the Contents of column A column B:
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions UN Agencies and the Role of UNO 3
Answer:
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions UN Agencies and the Role of UNO 4

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

A. Fill in the blanks.

  1. The objectives of the specialized agencies of UN is to solve economic, social, cultural and problem through international Co-operation.
  2. The UNESCO was established in 1945 with headquarters at Paris.
  3. UNICEF provides assistance for running child care centers.
  4. When the UN was formed ILO became its first specialized agency.
  5. The headquarters of FAO is in Rome.
  6. WHO believes that good health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being.

B. Match the following.
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions UN Agencies and the Role of UNO 5
Answer:
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions UN Agencies and the Role of UNO 6

C. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Name the specialized agencies of UN. What is the purpose?
Answer:
World Health Organization (WHO) is largest specialized agency of the UN. WHO is the directing and coordinating authority of health within the United Nations System. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda setting norms and standards, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends Its Main Purposes

  1. Providing leadership on matters critical health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed
  2. Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge.
  3. Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation
  4. Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options
  5. Providing technical support and building sustainable institutional capacity
  6.  Monitoring the health situations and assessing health trends.

Question 2.
What are the main functions of UNESCO?
Answer:
UNESCO implements its activities through the five programme areas of Education, Natural Science, Social and Human Sciences Culture Communication and Information.
Main functions of UNESCO

  1. It provides international leadership in creating learning societies with educational opportunities for all, it supports research in comparative Education and provides experts and foster partnerships & strengthen national educational leadership and capacity of the countries to offer quality education for all.
  2. It encourages free flow of ideas by images and words by promoting freedom of expression press freedom and access to information, through the International Programme for the Development of communication and the communication and Information Programme.
  3.  It promotes events such as International literacy Day International year for the culture of Peace.
  4. It also promotes founding and funding of projects such as FRESH (Focussing Resources on Effective School Health) International Council of Science etc.

Question 3.
What are the main goal of UNICEF? How does it work to achieve its goal?
Answer:
UNICEF was known as United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund when it was established in 1946 originally to provide emergency aid to children and their mothers in countries devastated by the Second World War. The goal of UNICEF . is the realization for every child, of the opportunity to enjoy the basic rights and privileges. It tries to solve the problem of exploitation of children and child labour. UNICEF provides assistance to nations for running childcare centers. It provides assistance to young mothers and also provides medicines to newborn babies and mothers. UNICEF continues to work for the welfare of children (in backward countries) in the fields of education, health and sanitation, nutrition, water, environment, women, welfare, social justice, etc.

Question 4.
Where is the headquarters of ILO? What is its purpose?
Answer:
The ILO was set up in 1919 at the end of the First World War,
with its headquarters at Geneva, Switzerland. Later, when the UN was formed it became its first specialized agency. The ILO seeks to promote peace and prosperity in the world by ensuring social and economic justice to workers all over the world. A country can progress and prosper if the workers are content and happy. It sets guidelines for improving the living and working conditions of workers everywhere.

Question 5.
Mention the main objectives of FAO.
Answer:
Main objectives of FAO

  1. To raise the standard of living of the people.
  2.  To raise the levels of nutrition.
  3. To eliminate hunger through its most important programme called‘Food for AH’
  4. To increase agricultural production and distribution of food and promote rural development.

Question 6.
What is the purpose of WHO? To what extent has it been successful in its mission?
Answer:
Purpose of WHO Refer Ans 1 above .
The WHO has helped in the improvement of public health. It has helped in fighting and eradicating several diseases like smallpox, malaria, tuberculosis etc. It has helped to set up childcare centers and also trained a large facilitates students to go for higher education in medicine by providing scholarships.

Question 7.
What do the following acronyms stand for? State one important function of each agency.

  1. UNESCO
  2. UNICEF
  3. ILO
  4. FAO

Answer:

  1.  UNESCO: The United Nations Educational. Scientific and Cultural Organization .
    Function It encourages international cooperation between artists, scientist and scholars in all fields.
  2. UNICEF: The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. Function To solve the problem of exploitation of children and child labour.
  3.  ILO:- The International Labour Oraganization Function It seeks to promote peace and security in the world by ensuring social and economic justice all over the world.
  4. FAO: Food and Agricultural Organization Function to eliminate hunger through its most important programme called ‘Food For All’

D.State whether the following are true or false.

  1. UNESCO encourages the spread of universal education.
    True
  2. UNICEF helps in solving financial crises and provides loans to nations.
    False
    Reason: UNICEF helps in solving the problem of exploitation of children and child labour.
  3. The headquarters of ILO are in Rome.
    False
    Reason: The headquarters of ILO are in Geneva.
  4. The FAO was founded in 1945 and helps countries to raise their levels of nutrition.
    True.
  5. The WHO was established in 1950.
    False
    Reason: The WHO was founded in 1948.

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