A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions International Cooperation

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A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions International Cooperation: The UNO and How It Works — Its Major Organs.

These Solutions are part of A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions  Here we have given. A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions International Cooperation.

EXERCISES

A. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words each :

Question 1.
What led to the foundation of the U.N.O. ?
Answer:
The U.N.O. can be taken as a continuation of the League of Nations, which came into existence in 1920, soon after the First World War, which however failed to deliver the goods due to the mutual rivalries of the Big Powers. But U.N.O. came into existence on October 24, 1945, with a view to avoid the rivalries and to save the world from another World War, after the Second World War.

Question 2.
Write the different objectives of the U.N.O.
Answer:
Different objectives of U.N.O. are to maintain international peace and friendship, to solve international problems of economic, social and cultural aspects, to encourage respect for human rights and freedom, to control harmony among nations.

Question 3.
Who are the permanent members of the U.N.O. ?
Answer:
Permanent members of the U.N.O. are U.S.A., U.K., Russia, France and China. At present these are 193 members (December 2012), this number can change with the entry of any new nation : Any decision is finalised by the ‘VETO’ power of the permanent members.

Question 4.
How are the non-permanent members of the Security Council elected ?
Answer:
There are now 15 members of the Security Council. The temporary members are elected by General Assembly for two years on more or less regional basis. No country can be elected to its membership for another term immediately after the expiry of its first term. The decisions of the Security Council may match to the agreement of permanent members.

Question 5.
What are the most important functions of the Security Council ?
Answer:
Main function of the Security Council is to maintain international peace. For this it can ask the fighting countries to solve the problems by bilateral talks or may suggest arbitration in the matter. It can stop the trade links of the disobedient states and take military action against hostile countries. Besides this, other functions are to recommend a new member to the U.N.O., name of Security General, to elect judges for international court and recommend the Secretary-General to call emergency meeting.

B. Answer the following questions in 60-80 words each :

Question 1.
Name the chief organs of the U.N.O. Which of them do you regard as the most important and why ?
Answer:
Chief organs are the General Assembly, The Security Council, The Trusteeship Council, The Economic and Social Council, Internal Court of Justice and The Secretariat, all of these organs work properly in their fields; But the most important organ is The Security council, because it supervises keenly the all possible methods and ways for international peace, which is the ultimate goal of the U.N.O. It has got the authority to check problems even by military forces and performs proper judgment by proper selection of judges of the international court of justice.

Question 2.
Describe the structure of the General Assembly of the UNO. What are its main functions ?
Answer:
It consists of delegates from all the member states. Each state can send five delegates. It is in the form of World Parliament. The meeting is done from September to December and president is elected for every session. In the time of emergency, the General Secretary can ask for its meeting at any time.

Question 3.
Who are the permanent members of the Security Council? How does it maintain peace in the world ?
Answer:
The permanent members are U.S.A., U.K., Russia, France and China. It has got solid rules to maintain peace in the world e.g. bilateral talks, checking the trade links, military action. It recommends the Secretary-General to call meeting of General Assembly in an emergency. It can cancel the membership of the disobedient nation which disturb the phenomena of peace.

Question 4.
How has India helped the U.N.O. ? Mention two U.N. programmes to which India extends full support ?
Answer:
India is an original member of the U.N.O. and its specialised Agencies. India has full faith in the ideals of the U.N.O. and cooperated it in achieving the goals of U.N.O. India is basically against imperialism. India helped many countries to be free e.g., Indonesia, Ghana, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria. India also played a vital role to finish the Korean War. India was made the Chairman of the Commission of the Prisoners-of-War.

Question 5.
In which directions has the U.N.O. proved helpful to India ?
Answer:
The U.N.O. helped India in various fields; e.g. W.H.O. has helped in public health campaign. F.A.O. helped India to reclaim Tarai region to be a rich agricultural area, to check soil erosion in Rajasthan, UNESCO has helped in expansion of education and the global transfer of teachers for exchanging better knowledge. In this way the U.N.O. helps India in economic and social development.

C. Tick-mark (✓) the correct statements and cross-mark (✗) the incorrect ones :

  1. The headquarters of the U.N.O. are in London.
    ✗
  2. The Security Council is the most important organ of the U.N.O.
    ✓
  3. China is . a non-permanent member of the Security Council.
    ✗
  4. The number of non-permanent members of the Security Council is 10.
    ✓

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

A. Fill in the blanks.

  1. The League of Nations was formed in 1920 after the end of the First World War.
  2. The four basic freedoms laid down in the Atlantic Charter are Freedom from want, freedom from speech, freedom from religious belief and freedom from fear.
  3. The United Nations was established on 24 Oct 1945
  4. Each member state of the UN can send up to Five representatives to the General Assembly.
  5. The Security council is often referred to as the ‘Enforcement Wing’ of the UN.
  6. The objective of the ECOSOC is to free the world from want

B. Match the following.
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions International Cooperation 1
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions International Cooperation 2
Answer:
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions International Cooperation 3

C. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Mention the aims and objectives of the United Nations as outlined in the Preamble of the UN Charter.
Answer:
The objectives of the UN have been outlined in the Preamble of the UN charter. They are

  1. To maintain international peace and security.
  2. To develop friendly relations among nations on the basis of equality.
  3. To achieve international cooperation in solving, economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems.
  4. To promote human rights and fundamental freedom for the people of the world.
  5. To act as a common platform for harmonizing the activities of various nations for the attainment of the objectives of the UN.
  6. To save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which has twice brought suffering to humans.

Question 2.
Mention three important organs of the UN.
Answer:
Organs of the UN

  1.  The General Assembly
  2. The Security Council
  3. The Economic and Social Council

Question 3.
Mention any four functions of the General Assembly.
Answer:
Important functions of the General Assembly

  1. To discuss international problems and make recommen-dations for their solution.
  2. To make recommendations for the peaceful settlement of disputes.
  3. To consider and approve the UN budget.
  4. To elect non-pennant members of the security council members of the economic and social council (ECOSOC) and the trusteeship council.
  5. To supervise the work of the other organs of the UN.
  6. To make recommendations for ‘collective measures, including the use of armed forces’ during a crises (Uniting for Peace Resolution)

Question 4.
Name the five permanent members of the Security Council.
Answer:
Five permanent members of the security council

  1.  USA
  2. UK
  3. France
  4. People’s Republic of China and
  5. the Russian Federation.

Question 5.
What is meant by the term ‘veto’?
Answer:
A negative vote by any one of the permanent members would lead to a cancellation of the Resolution. This right to prevent action being taken is known as the right to veto. This means that any resolution becomes ineffective even if one of the permanent members votes against it. This means that all decisions have to be taken with the consent of all the permanent members.

Question 6.
State the important functions of the Security Council.
Answer:
Functions of the Security Council

  1. To investigate international disputes and recommend ways of settling such disputes peacefully.
  2. To call on member states to apply economic sanctions against the aggressor.
  3. To take military action against the aggressor, if necessary.

Question 7.
Mention any two important functions each of
(1) theECOSOC and
(2) the ICJ.
Answer:
Functions of the ECOSOC

  1. To promote economic growth and social progress
  2.  To create a spirit of respect for human rights .
  3. To solve problems related to health, illiteracy, drugs, employment, status of women etc.
  4. To supervise the work of various specialized agencies such as World Health Organization (WHO), United
    Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), International Labour Organization (ILO) Food and Agricultural organization (FAO), etc.

Functions of International Court of Justice (ICJ)

  1. To settle disputes brought to it by member nations
  2. To give legal advice to the other organs of the UN, on request.

Question 8.
Mention any four achievements of the UN.
Answer:
Achievement of the UN

  1. Although it has not been able to prevent war, in many cases, it has taken effective action to restore peace, e.g the Korean War, the Suez Canal crisis, the Gulf War, etc.
  2. Many countries like Indonesia, Algeria, Morocco, have achieved their independence with support from the UN.
  3. By imposing economic sanctions against the South African government, it played a significant role in challenging the aparthied policy and liberating the South African people from apartheid rule.
  4. It has worked consistently for the protection and preservation of human rights around the world.
  5. It has worked actively to end the nuclear arms race and encouraged the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.
  6. It has achieved great success in the fields of labour, health, welfare of children and education by fighting poverty, ignorance, malnutrition, hunger and disease through its specialized agencies.

Question 9.
The Cold War has ended. What is the relevance of the UN in today’s world?
Answer:
There were deep rooted ideological, economic and political differences between the United States ans Soviet Union before the Second World War. These differences were intensified as a result of their mutual suspicions immediately after the Second World War. After 1953 , The Cold War was waning. There were two reasons which could explain the easing of the tension. The first reason was that since 1953, both the United States and Soviet Union possessed by hydrogen bombs. Both sides realized that the use of these destructive weapons in war would destroy each other. Thus they were determined to improve their relations in order to avoid direct military clash. The Second reason was that since 1954, the bonds between The ‘Super Power’ and their satellites began to slacken. As their satellites did not fully support their leaders, it made political sense for the two super power to improve their relations.

D. State whether the following are true or false.

  1. India did not sign the UN Charter in 1945.
    False
    Reasons India sign the UN Charter in 1945.
  2. 24 October is celebrated as United Nations Day.
    True.
  3. All the members of the UN are members of the General Assembly.
    True.
  4. The Trusteeship Council is the most important organ of the UN.
    False
    Reason The Security Council is the most important organ of the UN.
  5. The International Court of Justice is located in Chennai in India.
    False
    Reason The International Court of Justice is located in Hague, Netherlands (Holland)
  6. The Secretariat is the chief administrative organ of the UN.
    True.

 

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