ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics

ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics – Mahavira and Buddha – Great Preachers

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ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics – Mahavira and Buddha – Great Preachers

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APlusTopper.com provides step by step solutions for ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics Chapter 6 Mahavira and Buddha – Great Preachers . You can download the History and Civics ICSE Solutions for Class 6 with Free PDF download option. History and Civics for Class 6 ICSE Solutions all questions are solved and explained by expert teachers as per ICSE board guidelines.

ICSE Solutions Class 6 History & Civics Geography Biology Chemistry Physics Maths

Exercise

I. Fill in the blanks:

  1. The sixth century BC saw the rise of two new religions in India.
  2. The founders of both the new religions in India were Kshatriyas.
  3. Jainism was founded by Mahavira.
  4. The Jains believe Mahavira was the 24th and the last Tirthankara.
  5. At the age of 42, Mahavira conquered both misery and happiness and became Jina or the conqueror.
  6. Buddhism was founded by Gautam Buddha.
  7. His real name was Siddhartha.
  8. The tree under which Buddha attained Enlightenment is called Bodhi Tree.

II. Match Column A with Column B
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Mahavira and Buddha - Great Preachers 1
Answer:
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Mahavira and Buddha - Great Preachers 2
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Mahavira and Buddha - Great Preachers 3

III. State whether the following statements are True or False.

  1. By the 6th century BC the Vedic religion had become too complicated and common people could not understand it.
     True
  2. Mahavira was born at Pavapuri near Rajgir in Bihar.
    False
  3. The attainment of ‘Moksha’ should be the main goal of life according to Mahavira.
    True
  4. Jainism’s strict insistence on non-violence and penance made it popular in India.
    False
  5. Buddha’s teachings are included in the Four Noble Truths and the Eight-Fold Path.
    True
  6. Jatakas are stories about Buddha’s previous births.
    True.
  7. ‘Mahayana’ form of Buddhism started worshiping Buddha as a god.
    True

Answer the following questions:
Question 1.
Why did new religions rise in India in the 6th century BC?
Answer:
By the 6th century BC the Vedic religion had become very complicated. There was a great deal of emphasis on rituals, yajnas and sacrifice. The Brahmanas had become very powerful and all the rituals had become too costly for the common man. Animal sacrifices affected the economy because it was based upon agriculture and animal husbandry. The language used for all rituals was Sanskrit and the common man could not understand it. The use of coins facilitated trade and commerce which added to the importance of the Vaishyas. They were ranked third in the society, the first two being Brahmanas and Kshatriyas. Naturally, they looked for a religion which would improve their position. Hence, new religions — Buddhism and Jainism — rose in India in the 6th century BC.

Question 2.
What are the five vows a Jain householder had to take?
Answer:
Five vows of Jainism are as follow:

  1. Ahimsa—non-violence
  2. Satya—Truth
  3. Achaurya orAsteya—Non-stealing
  4. Brahmacharya—Celibacy
  5. Aparigraha—Non-possession

Question 3.
Why did Buddha renounce the world?
Answer:
One day Prince Siddhartha, while on a chariot ride through the city, saw three sights — of an old man, a sick man and a dead body being carried by mourners. This disturbed and distressed him. Then he saw an ascetic who was serene and calm. No sorrow or worldly miseries affected him. These are the Four Great Sights that changed his life and he renounced the world.

Question 4.
Explain the main difference between Jainism and Buddhism.
Answer:
Compared to Jainism, Buddhism was moderate in its stress on the doctrine of non-violence. Buddhism emphasised on following the middle path whereas Jainism laid stress on extreme austerity. While the Buddha was silent about the existence of God, Mahavira denied his existence.

Question 5.
Why did Buddhism spread so rapidly?
Answer:
Buddhism spread rapidly because its teachings were very simple and it was taught in the language of the people. The patronage of two great emperors — Ashoka and Kanishka — made it a world religion. Its opposition to the caste system made it popular among the castes that were considered low.

Question 6.
What were the reasons behind the decline of Buddhism and Jainism?
Answer:
Buddhism became a victim to the evils of Brahmanism against which it had fought initially. The Buddhist monks were gradually cut off from the mainstream of the people’s life. They gave up Pali, the language of people and took to Sanskrit, the language of intellectuals. They also started practicing idol worship on a large scale and received material offerings from devotees. The rich offerings and generous royal grants made the life of monks luxurious. By the 7th century AD the Buddhist monasteries became centers of corrupt practices which Buddha had strictly prohibited. Undue emphasis on non-violence in Jainism checked its spread among the farming community as their profession necessarily involved killing insects and pests. Moreover, Mahavira’s ideas were not acceptable to those artisans and craftsmen whose occupation endangered the life of other creatures. Strict Jaina limitation of private property was interpreted as a ban on possession of landed property. All these factors led to the gradual decline of Jainism.

Question 7.
Name the religious texts of Buddhism and Jainism.
Answer:
Religious texts of Buddhism — Vinay Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka Religious texts of Jainism — Angas and Purvas

Question 8.
Why is Buddhism called the Middle Path?
Answer:
Buddhism is called Middle Path because Buddha did not believe in extremes. Buddhism emphasised on following the middle

V.  Picture study This is a picture of a temple.
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Mahavira and Buddha - Great Preachers 4

  1. Identify and name it.
    Ans. Dilwara Jain Temple
  2. Where is it situated?
    Ans. Mount Abu (Rajasthan)
  3. Who built it?
    Ans. Vastupala
  4. Write a paragraph about it.
    Ans. The five legendary marble temples of Dilwara are a sacred pilgrimage place of the Jains. Many scholars consider them to be one of the most beautiful Jain pilgrimage sites in the world.

Textbook Keywords

  1. Tirthankaras: They were the religious teachers of Jainism who preached before Mahavira.
  2. Jina: It means conquerer of the self.
  3. Karma: It means that people’s actions decide their destiny. Moksha It means freedom from the cycle of birth and death.
  4. Digambara Sect of Jainism: The word means sky clad. They did not wear any clothes and followed the original teachings of Mahavira.
  5. Svetambaras: They were Jain monks who wore white clothes and did not believe in hard penance.
  6. Purvas and Angas: They are the religious literature of the Jains.
  7. Ashtangika marga:  It means the eight fold path.
  8. Ahimsa: means non-violence. Both Jainism and Buddhism preached this principle.
  9. Nirvana: It means freedom from the cycle of birth and death.
  10. Sangha was the order of the Buddhist monks.
  11. Tripitakas and Jatakas Are Buddhist religious texts.

Additional Questions

A. Fill in the blanks.

  1.  1. Many evil customs crept into Hindu society.
  2. The shudras were denied the right to study religious texts.
  3. In the 6th century BCE two great religious reformers, Vardhamana Mahavira and Gautam a Buddha were bom.
  4. Two famous followers of Jainism were Bimbisara and Mahayana.
  5. The religious literature of the Buddhists is contained in the Tripitakas and Jatakas.
  6. Buddhism was divided into two sects, Hinayana and Mahayana
  7. Jainism was divided into two sects, Digambaras and Svetambaras.

B. Match the following.
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Mahavira and Buddha - Great Preachers 5

Answer:
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Mahavira and Buddha - Great Preachers 6

C. Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
How did the new customs destroy the simplicity of the original Vedic religion?
Answer:
Costly sacrifices, superstitions and elaborate, meaningless rituals destroyed the simplicity and appeal of the original vedic religion.

Question 2.
How did the rigid caste system affect the shudras?
Answer:
Shudras were increasingly isolated and persecuted. They were denied the right to study the religious scriptures and were not even allowed to recite the Sanskrit hymns,

Question 3.
Mention the main teachings of Mahavira.
Answer:

  1. Ahimsa or Non-violence is the first great teaching of Mahavira.
  2.  Mahavira did not accept the Veda and opposed all forms of religious rites and rituals.
  3.  Mahavira believed that all people are equal.
  4.  Mahavira denied that God was the creator of the universe,
  5.  According to Mahavira the highest goal of a person’s life was to attain moksha.

Question 4.
Name the two Jain sects. What was the difference between the two?
Answer:
Digambaras and Svetambaras are two sects of Jainism.
The main difference between Digambaras and Svetambaras was that the followers of Digambaras did not wear any clothes and followed the original teaching of Mahavira. But the followers of Svetambaras wore white clothes and did not believe in hard penance.

Question 5.
In which parts of India is Jainism still popular?
Answer:
Jainism is still popular in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Question 6.
What were the ‘four great sights’ that proved to be a turning point in Gautama Buddha’s life?
Answer:
Once while Gautama Buddha was on an outing in his chariot,he saw an old man, a sick man, a dead man and an ascetic who was unaffected by the sorrow and misery around him. These four great sights proved to be a turning point in Gautama Buddha’s life.

Question 7.
Briefly explain the following events in Buddha’s life:

  1. Renunciation
  2. Enlightenment

Answer:

  1. Renunciation— At the ‘four great sights’ Gautam decided to renounce worldly life and go out in search for answers to the mysteries of life and death. He became an ascetic.
  2. Enlightenments— One day Gautam Buddha sat down under a pipal tree in Bodh Gaya and began to meditate. On the 49th day, true light dawned on him. He became the enlightened one. He had at last found the cause of human suffering and knew how to overcome it.

Question 8.
Explain the four noble truths of Buddhism.
Answer:
The four noble truths of Buddhism are following.

  1.  The world is full of suffering.
  2. The cause of suffering is human desire.
  3. Suffering can be ended by overcoming desires.
  4. Desires can be overcome and freedom from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth can be achieved by nirvana. The eight fold path leads to nirvana.

Question 9.
What do you understand by the term eight fold path of Buddhism?
Answer:
The eight fold path of Buddhism are following:

  1. Right belief
  2. Right speech
  3. Right thought
  4. Right action
  5. Right efforts
  6. Right memory
  7. Right meditation
  8. Right means of livelihood

Question 10.
why did Buddhism spread so rapidly?
Answer:
Buddhism spread so rapidly because of following causes.

  1. The Simplicity of Gautam Buddha’s teachings and principle of equality greatly appealed to the common people.
  2. Buddhism was spread far and wide by monks and nuns.
  3. Buddhist universities established by king Ashoka (like Nalanda) were also other important reasons for rapid spread of Buddhism.

Question 11.
Explain the following terms:

  1. Ahimsa
  2. Karma
  3. Moksha

Answer:

  1. Ahimsa—Ahimsa means non-violence. Both Jainism and Buddhism preached this principle.
  2. Karma— People’s actions will decide their destiny. Good deeds are rewarded and evil deeds are punished.
  3. Moksha— The hightest goal of a person’s life was to attain Moksha freedom from the cycle of birth and death.

Question 12.
What were the reasons for the decline of Buddhism in India?
Answer:
Buddhism gradually declined in India for the following reasons.

  1. Hinduism was reformed and purified.
  2. The Gupta kings patronized Hinduism.
  3. India was invaded by the Huns who destroyed Buddhist viharas.

D. State whether the following are true or false.

  1. The brahmanas were very popular among the common people.
    False.
  2. Mahavira was the last tirthankara of the Jains.
    True.
  3. Mahavira believed in the existence of a supreme God.
    False.     
  4. Buddhism was taught in Prakrit.
    False.
  5. Buddhism is the main religions of people in south-east Asia, Tibet. China and Japan.
     True.

ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics – Rural Local Self-Government

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ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics – Rural Local Self-Government

ICSE SolutionsSelina ICSE SolutionsML Aggarwal Solutions

APlusTopper.com provides step by step solutions for ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics Chapter 1 Rural Local Self-Government . You can download the History and Civics ICSE Solutions for Class 6 with Free PDF download option. History and Civics for Class 6 ICSE Solutions all questions are solved and explained by expert teachers as per ICSE board guidelines.

ICSE Solutions Class 6 History & Civics Geography Biology Chemistry Physics Maths

Exercise

I. Fill in the blanks:

  1. The Panchayati Raj is a three-tier system
  2. Panchayat means a team of five members.
  3. All the adults of a village constitute Gram Sabha.
  4. Nyaya Panchayat can fine the guilty.
  5. Village Panchayats teach the first lesson of democracy.
  6. The term of the Block Samiti is five years.
  7. The Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha members chosen from district are also the members of Block Samiti.
  8. The Zila Parishad is the highest institution of the Panchayati Raj in India.
  9. The Zila Parishad coordinates the working of the Block Samiti.
  10. The state government appoints a secretary to maintain the accounts and keep records of the work done by the institutions of Panchayati Raj.

II. Match Column A with Column B:
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Rural Local Self-Government 1

Answer:
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Rural Local Self-Government 2

III. State whether the following statements are True or False.

  1. All people of any age are members of the Gram Sabha.
    False.
  2. Women have been given representation in the Panchayat.
    True 
  3. The members of Gram Panchayat vary from state to state.
    True
  4. The first level of local self-government in rural areas is the Panchayat Samiti.
     False.
  5. The Nyaya Panchayat can impose fines.
     True
  6. The members of the Block Samiti are elected for a period of four years.
    False
  7. Zila Parishad works at the village level.
    False
  8. The chairpersons of the Block Samitis become the members of Zila Parishad.
    True
  9. The Zila Parishad has the responsibility of implementing the development programmes in the district.
    True
  10. The state government gives financial grants to the Panchayats.
    True

IV. Answer the following questions:
Question 1.
What do you mean by ‘Panchayat’ ?
Answer:
The word Panchayat literally means a team of five members.

Question 2.
How do Panchayats help villagers ?
Answer:
A Panchyat solves local problems. It gives training to people in functioning of democracy. The villagers sit together and cooperate in Village welfare works. They also develop administrative and management skills. The people also learn to use their own resources for collective welfare.

Question 3.
What are the advantages of Village Panchayats ?
Answer:
There are many advantages of Village Panchayat as there are some basic requirements for a healthy living, such as clean drinking water, cleaning and lighting of roads, medical facilities, primary education for children, roads for transport, etc. Village Panchayats provide for these requirements. Since villagers are more aware of their local problems, the Village Panchayats are a good solution to these problems.

Question 4.
Explain the importance of local self-government ?
Answer:
For development of a community, participation of the local people is very important. Local people know their problems and they understand the needs of their community or locality. When the people of a locality get together to solve their day-to-day problems and fulfill their needs, the government established for the same is called local self-government. Local self-governing bodies develop local leadership that later helps the state and central governments in sharing the burden of work which thus gets done quicker, better and cheaper.

Question 5.
Name the three institutions of the Panchayati Raj. At what levels do they work ?
Answer:

  1. At the lowest level are the Village Panchayats.
  2. At the block level it has Panchayat Samiti.
  3. At the district level is the Zila Parishad.

Question 6.
Explain briefly the composition and functions of a Block Samiti ?
Answer:
Composition of a Block Samiti — The Pradhans and Panchas of the Village Panchayats in a block choose their representatives to the Block Samiti. Besides such representatives, there are other members as well. The members elect a chairperson and vice­chairperson. The chairperson looks after everyday’s work of the Block Samiti.
The term of a Block Samiti is five years. Functions of a Block Samiti

  1. A Block Samiti supervises the working of the Village Panchayats.
  2. It engages many experts to help the villagers. The experts in the field of agriculture also help the villagers in obtaining better quality seeds, fertilisers, insecticides and in improving the breed of cattle.
  3. The other experts bring about a change in the outlook of the people through education and literacy.
  4. It arranges funds from the government for the block development programmes.
  5. It arranges for expert advice, service to the panchayats for their development in agriculture, construction of roads and buildings, health and education, etc.

Question 7.
How is the Zila Parishad formed ? What are its main functions ?
Answer:
The Zila Parishad is formed by the Chairmen of all Block Samitis in a district, members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha from the district, members of Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad from the district and representatives of SC, ST and women.
Functions of Zila Parishad

  1. The main function of the Zila Parishad is to work for the Village Panchayats and Block Samitis.
  2. The Zila Parishad has also the responsibility of implementing the programmes coming under the Five Year Plan.
  3. The Zila Parishad also prepares plans for the district.

Question 8.
What has the Panchayati Raj done so far for the rural areas?
Answer:

  1. The Panchayati Raj has brought political awareness among rural people. They elect and select the Panchayat members and also take part in decision making.
  2. The Panchayati Raj has improved the conditions of the villages through welfare activities.
  3. Panchayats have been able to draw the attention of the government officials to their problems.

Question 9.
Discuss the relationship between the state government and the Panchayati Raj ?
Answer:
The state government gives financial grants to the Panchayats. The state government keeps a strict watch on the working of the Panchayati Raj institutions and appoints a secretary to maintain accounts and keep records. The Collector (District Magistrate)  or the Deputy Commissioner represents the state government at the district level. He coordinates the work of the government officers of the district and the Panchayati Raj. The Block Development Officer (BDO) does the same work at the block level

Textbook Keywords

  1. Panchayati raj system: It is the system under which the local self-government at the village level functions.
  2. Gram sabha: It consist of all the adult members of the village.
  3. Gram panchayat: It consist of a number of senior members of the village elected by the gram sabha.
  4. Nyaya panchayat: It consist of elected members who settle disputes among village people.
  5. Pradhan:  He is the heat of the gram panchayat.
  6. Up-Pradhan: He is the vice-sarpanch of the panchayat who takes over the responsibilities of the sarpanch in his/her absence.

Additional Questions

A. Fill in the blanks:

  1. The Indian government function at the central, state government and local self government levels.
  2. The union government deals with matters of national importance.
  3. All Adult members of the village are members of the gram sabha.
  4. The nyaya panchayat cannot sent people to Jail.
  5. The gram panchayat makes the villagers more responsible and self-sufficient

B. Match the following:
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Rural Local Self-Government 3

Answer:
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Rural Local Self-Government 4

C. Choose the correct answer:
1. The union government of India is based in New Delhi/ Mumbai/Kolkata.
Ans: The union government of India is based in New Delhi.

2. Rural refers to town/villages/cities.
Ans: Rural refers to villages.

3. The panchayati raj is a two/three/five tier system.
Ans: The panchayati raj is a three tier system.

4. One third/One sixth/One fourth of the seats of the gram panchayat are reserved for women.
Ans: One third of the seats of the gram panchayat are reserved for women.

5. The panchayat/block samiti/zila parishads is the local self government body at the block level.
 Ans: The block samiti is the local self-government body at the block level.

D. State whether the following are true or false:

1. The Local self-government deals with matters of national importance.
False.
Correct: The Local self-government deals with matters of locality.

2. Panchayats are elected for 2 years.
False.
Correct : Panchayats are elected for 3 to 5 years.

3. The village panchayat is the basic unit of the panchayati raj system.
True.

4.The Panchayat provides primary education.
True.

E. Answer the following questions in one or two words/ sentences:
Question 1.
What are the three tiers of the panchayati raj system?
Answer:
The three-tiers of panchayati raj system as:

  1. Panchayats at the village legel
  2. Block samitis at the block level
  3. Zila parishads at the district level.

Question 2.
Who is the head of the village panchayat?
Answer:
The village panchayat is headed by the pradhan or sarpanch

Question 3.
Mention any one optional function of the gram panchayat.
Answer:

  1.  It builds playgrounds and rest houses, installs television and radio sets in the community centres, and organizes educational programmes, etc.
  2. It organizes cattle fairs and village markets.

Question 4.
What does the nyaya panchayat do?
Answer:
Its function is to settle disputes among the people. It also provides a cheap and speedy way to resolve disputes.

F. Answer the following questions briefly:

Question 1.
What are the functions of the union, state and local self­governments?
Answer:

  1. Union (Central government) deals with matters of national importance like defence, national finance, foreign, exchange, railways, postal services etc.
  2. State government maintain law and order, local transport, health services and it also carries out the community development programme.
  3. Local self-government deals with local problems and looks after the basic needs of the local people.

Question 2.
What is local self-government? Name the two kinds of local self-governing bodies in India?
Answer:
It is a government run by the elected representatives of the local people. In India there are two kinds of local self­ government.
They are following.

  1. Urban: It refers to towns and cities. Municipalities, corporations and cantonment boards are urban local bodies.
  2. Rural: It refers to villages. Zila parishads, block samitis and panchayats are rural local bodies.

Question 3.
Mention any five compulsory functions of the Gram Panchayat.
Answer:
They are following:

  1. It provides drinking water, school, health and sanitation facilities.
  2. It constructs buildings, roads, drains and tanks.
  3. It helps farmers to develop and improve their farms and cattle.
    • It looks after the welfare of the weaker sections.
    • It organizer educational programmes, cattle fair and village markets.

Question 4.
What is the importance of Gram Panchayats?
Answer:
The Gram Panchayat assists the villagers in dealing with day-to-day problems. It performs administrative, social, economic and judicial function. It ensures the participation of the villages in developing their community. Hence, people leam to cooperate and participate in the government of the country at the grass­ roots level.

G Picture study.
This is village scene representing an important function of the gram panchayat.
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Rural Local Self-Government 5

Question 1.
Name the function.
Answer:
Providing primary education to the children living in the villages.

Question 2.
Is it a compulsory or an optional function?
Answer:
It is compulsory function.

Question 3.
Mention four compulsory functions of the village panchayat.
Answer:
The functions of the village Panchayat are following:

  1. It provides drinking water, Primary schools, health and sanitation facilities.
  2. It constructs buildings, road and drains.
  3. It records births and deaths in the village.
  4. It helps farmers to develop and improve their farms and cattle.

Question 4.
Mention two optional functions of the panchayat.
Answer:
It builds playgrounds and rest houses.
It organizes cattle fairs and village markets

ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics – Urban Local Self-Government

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ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics – Urban Local Self-Government

ICSE SolutionsSelina ICSE SolutionsML Aggarwal Solutions

APlusTopper.com provides step by step solutions for ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics Chapter 2 Urban Local Self-Government. You can download the History and Civics ICSE Solutions for Class 6 with Free PDF download option. History and Civics for Class 6 ICSE Solutions all questions are solved and explained by expert teachers as per ICSE board guidelines.

ICSE Solutions Class 6 History & Civics Geography Biology Chemistry Physics Maths

Exercise

I. Fill in the blanks

  1. Big cities have Municipal Corporation as local self-government.
  2. The head of a corporation is called Mayor.
  3. The municipality arranges for checking food adulteration.
  4. Towns having ten to twenty thousand people have small 1 bodies known as Municipalities.
  5. Tax on goods and animals brought into or taken out of the town is known as Octroi Duty.

II. Tick mark (✓) the right statements and cross (x) the wrong ones:

  1. Municipal corporations have more powers than the municipalities.
    True                                               –
  2. A person who has attained the age of 25 can vote in a municipal election.
    True
  3. The Mayor and the Deputy Mayor are elected for one year.
    True
  4. Record of births and deaths in a city are kept by the state government.
    False
  5. The municipalities receive grants from the state government.
    True

III. Answer the following questions:
Question 1.
Differentiate between a municipal corporation and a municipality.
Answer:
Municipal Corporation

  1. Meant for big cities having large populations.
  2. Have more power
  3. Have more resources in hand
  4. Deal with the state Government directly

Municipalities

  1. Meant for small cities and towns.
  2. Have less power
  3. Have less resources
  4. Work through the district administration

Question 2.
How are the two types of urban local bodies constituted ?
Answer:
The cities with a population of upto 3 lakhs are managed by municipalities. The people of the city elect the members of a municipality. The number of members depends upon the size of the city. Seats are reserved for the SC, ST, OBC and women. The larger cities have Municipal Corporation. The members of a municipal corporation are elected in the same way as the members of a municipality. These members are called ‘councillors’. These councillors elect some other members, the aldermen who are respected citizens. The members elect a head called Mayor and also a Deputy Mayor.            ‘

Question 3.
List five main compulsory functions performed by a municipality or a municipal corporation.
Answer:

  1. Keeping the city clean is the primary duty of a municipality. The municipality has to make arrangements for the removal of the garbage and waste. Drains are needed to flush out dirty water from the cities and towns.
  2. The municiplities not only keep the cities clean but they also ! make arrangements for vaccination against smallpox and inoculation against diseases like cholera, plague and tuberculosis.
  3. The municipalities also make arrangements for checking food adulteration.
  4. A municipality opens hospitals, dispensaries and other medical centres in different localities where qualified doctors are employed.
  5. One of the important functions of a municipality is to keep a record of all the births and deaths in the city. It helps in the planning of welfare services for the people.

Question 4.
How do the municipalities get funds ?
Answer:
Municipalities get funds by imposing various taxes such as:

  1. Octroi Duty—Tax on goods and animals brought into or taken out of the town.
  2. House Tax — Tax on houses in the town. This tax is fixed by the municipality according to the annual rental value of the houses.
  3. Water Tax — Tax as charges for providing clean water for drinking. People who have municipality taps in their houses have to pay it.
  4. Profession Tax — Lawyers, doctors and other professionals pay profession tax on their annual income.
  5. Income from Municipal Property — Tax paid as rent by the shopkeepers and traders selling goods in the markets.
  6. Entertainment Tax — Tax collected from those who provide different kinds of entertainment, e.g., cinema halls. They also receive annual financial aids and grants from the state government.

Question 5.
Describe the relationship between the state/central government and the urban local bodies.
Answer:
The urban local bodies are the training grounds for democracy. They help inculcate civic virtues among the people.The state government has the power to dissolve a corporation or a municipality if it does not perform its duties. The state government gives financial aid to the local bodies. It strictly keeps an eye on the use and misuse of funds. The local bodies cannot levy or raise a new tax or raise any public or private loan without the permission of the state government.

Textbook Keywords

  1. Metropolitan: Is related with a big and important city of a country.
  2. Municipal corporation: Is the local self-governing body in a large city.
  3. Aldermen: They are members of the municipal corporations and municipalities who are elected from among the popular and respected citizens of that city.
  4. Sanitation: It means keeping an area clean and free from germs and dirt.
  5. Crematoria: They are those area where dead bodies are burnt.
  6. Property Tax: It is the tax on houses and land.
  7. Entertainment Tax: It is the tax on entertainment activities such as Cinema halls, circuses, etc.
  8. Education tax: It is collected for educational activities. Toll taxes They are collected for the use of roads and bridges.

Additional Questions

A. Fill in blanks:

  1. The local self-governing bodies which look after the needs of big cities and towns are
  2. Municipalities and Municipal corporation.
  3. A mayor holds office for a term varying between 1 year and 5 years.
  4. The state government supervises the working of municipal corporations.
  5. Some seats in the municipal corporation are reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
  6. The municipal corporation establishes and maintain public parks and education centers.

B. Match the following:
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Urban Local Self-Government 1
Answer:
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Urban Local Self-Government 2

C. Choose the correct answer:

  1. Big cities like Delhi and Mumbai have town area committees/municipalities/municipal corporations.
    Ans. Big cities like Delhi and Mumbai have municipal corporations.
  2. The mayor/municipal commissioner/alderman presides over the meetings of the municipal corporation.
    Ans. The mayor presides over the meetings of the municipal corporation.
  3. The chief executive officer of a municipal corporation is known as the mayor/municipal commissioner/sarpanch.
    Ans. The chief executive officer of a municipal corporation is known as the municipal commissioner.
  4. The total number of members of a municipal corporation of a city depends on the population of the city/state/country.
    Ans. The total number of members of a municipal corporation of a city depends on the population of the city.
  5. A municipal corporation is elected for a period of 2/10/5
    Ans. A municipal corporation is elected for a period of 5 year

D. State whether the following are true or false.

  1. Port trust is an urban local self-governing body.
    True.
  2. The members of the corporation are directly elected by the adult citizens of the city.
    True.
  3. Some seats are reserved for women in municipal corporations.
    True.
  4. The municipal corporation is not responsible for the supply of safe drinking water.
    False.
    Correct: The municipal corporation is responsible for the supply of safe drinking water.
  5. Municipality is the local self-governing body for smaller cities and towns.
    True.

E. Answer the following questions in one or two words/ sentences:
Question 1.
Name the local self-governing bodies that look after the urban areas.
Answer:
The local self-governing bodies which look after the urban area are as follows:

  1. Municipal Corporations
  2. Municipalities
  3. Town area committees
  4. Cantonment boards
  5. Improvement trusts
  6. Port trusts

Question 2.
Who is mayor?
Answer:
Mayor is the head of the municipal corporation.

Question 3.
What is the functions of the mayor?
Answer:
He presides over the meeting and looks after the work of the corporation with the help of the executives officers like Municipal commissioner, chief medical officer etc.

Question 4.
Who are aldermen?
Answer:
They are members of the municipal corporation and municipalities who are elected from among the popular and respected citizens of that city. They are generally experienced.

Question 5.
What are municipalities?
Answer:
Smaller cities and towns with population ranging between 20,000­5,00,000 have municipalities as the local self-governing body.

F. Answer the following questions briefly:
Question 1.
How is a municipal corporation composed? Who are its members?
Answer:
A municipal corporation is composed in following manner.

  1. The Mayor is the head of the municipal corporation. The mayor and deputy mayor are elected by the members of the municipal corporation from among themselves.
  2. The corporation sets up a number of committee to look after the day to day work.
  3. There is a chief executive officer or municipal commissioner, who is appointed by the state government.
  4. There are also number of members called aldermen. They are elected from among the popular and respected citizens of that city.
  5. MPs and MLA also form part of the corporation.
  6. Some seats are reserved for the scheduled caste, scheduled Tribes and women. A municipal corporation is elected for a period of 5 years.

Question 2.
Mention five functions of the municipal corporation related to public health and sanitation.
Answer:
The main five functions performed by municipal corporation are following.

  1. Caring for health of citizens, provide treatment facilities, opening hospital, appointment of doctors etc.
  2. Repair and construction of roads, street, providing electric facilities etc.
  3. Provision for education by opening and looking after primary school.
  4. To save people from disaster of fire and fire brigades are maintained.
  5. Organizing cultural events like sports, exhibitions, fairs etc.

Question 3.
The municipal corporation is responsible for the maintenance of public works and services in the city. Give any five examples to explain this.
Answer:
The municipal corporation is responsible for these public works and services:

  1. Construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, public buildings, markets, crematoria and graveyards.
  2. Construction and maintenance of water supply system.
  3. Arrangements for street lighting.
  4. Maintenance of fire’brigade.
  5. Demolition of dangerous or illegal buildings.
  6. Maintaining records of births and deaths.

Question 4.
List the optional functions of the municipal corporation.
Answer:
Optional functions of the municipal corporation are following:

  1. Establishment and maintenance of public parks, gardens, zoos, theatres, picnic resorts, libraries, museums.
  2. Construction and maintenance of old-age homes, orphanages, night shelters, rest houses.
  3. Supply of cooking gas and milk.
  4. Organizing cultural events like sports, exhibitions, fairs, etc.
  5. Maintenance of a cheap public transport system.

G Picture study:

This is the picture of Mumbai Municipal Corporation headquarters. With reference to the picture of the municipal corporation, answer the following questions:
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - Urban Local Self-Government 3

Question 1.
Who is the head of the municipal corporation? How is he or she elected?
Answer:
The Mayor is the head of the municipal corporation. He/she is elected by members of the municipal corporation from among themselves.

Question 2.
For which categories of community are seats of the corporation reserved?
Answer:
Seats are reserved for following categories.

  1. Scheduled castes
  2. Scheduled Tribes
  3. A few seats are reserved for women.

ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics – History – Early Man

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ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics – History – Early Man

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APlusTopper.com provides step by step solutions for ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics Chapter 2 Early Man . You can download the History and Civics ICSE Solutions for Class 6 with Free PDF download option. History and Civics for Class 6 ICSE Solutions all questions are solved and explained by expert teachers as per ICSE board guidelines.

ICSE Solutions Class 6 History & Civics Geography Biology Chemistry Physics Maths

Exercise

I. Fill in the blanks:

  1. The system of exchanging things is known as Barter.
  2. Early man was a Nomad, but later he led a settled life.
  3. Instead of killing Animals man domesticated them and used them as means of transport.
  4. Man started worshiping Natural forces/gods out of fear.

II. Write True or False against the following statements:

  1. The Old Stone Age lasted from 100,000 BC to 8,000
    False.
  2. Early Man always lived close to rivers.
    True.
  3. The discovery of fire was a pure coincidence.
     True.
  4. Fire helped man in making better tools.
    False.
  5. Man started making shorter and tinier tools called ‘Microliths’ in the Neolithic Age.
    False.
  6. The New Stone Age is known for discovery of agriculture and invention of wheel.
    True.
  7. The invention of the wheel made transportation easier and faster.
    True.
  8. Primitive men believed in life after death.
    True.

III. Answer the following questions briefly:

Question 1.
When did modern man appear on the earth?
Answer:
The modem man appeared on the earth around 40,000 years ago.

Question 2.
Name the three periods of the prehistoric time.
Answer:
Three periods of prehistory — palaeolithic age, mesolithic age and neolithic age.

Question 3.
How did early man dress himself in the Stone Age?
Answer:
During the Stone Age early man wore animal skins, bark of trees and leaves.

Question 4.
Which discoveries changed the life of Early Man ?
Ans.
The discovery of fire and agriculture changed the life of early man. Later on he started making pottery. Invention of wheel also transformed the life of early man.

Question 5.
How were the tools of the New Stone Age different from those of the Old Stone Age ?
Answer:
During the Old Stone Age stone tools were crude, big and blunt. They were used for different purposes such as cutting trees, killing and skinning animals, chopping meat, etc. During the New Stone Age, tools became smaller, sharper, pointed and fine-shaped. They were used as spears, arrow heads, etc.

Question 6.
Describe the main features of the Neolithic Age ?
Answer:
During the Neolithic Age man least to make better tools grow food crops and domesticate animals. This age remarkable for discovery of agriculture, fine pottery and invention of wheel. Man became a food-producer and began leading a settled life.

Question 7.
How did the invention of wheel change the life of early man?
Answer:
The invention of wheel brought many changes in the life of man. Early man made wheeled-cart which made transportation easier and faster. Potters made fine pottery of various shapes and sizes quickly on wheels. Later the wheel was also used for spinning and weaving cloth of cotton.

Question 8.
Trace the development of early man from being a food gatherer to a food producer.
Answer:
During the Palaeolithic Age, early man was a food gatherer. He wandered from place to place in search of food. He hunted wild animals for their meat which they ate raw. With discovery of fire, he learnt to roast meat. During the Neolithic Age early man began to grow food crops. He became a food-producer. Hence, he settled at one place, began domestication of useful animals and stored grains for future use in pots.

Textbook Keywords

  1. Palaeolithic Age:It is the Old Stone Age in which humans made crude stone tools. It extended roughly from 500, 000 BCE to 10, 000 BCE.
  2. Mesolithic Age: It is the Middle Stone Age which was a transition period. It extended roughly from 10, 000 BCE to 8,000 BCE.
  3. Neolithic Age: It is the New stone Age in which human made well shaped and polished stone tools. It extended roughly from 8,000 BCE to 4,000 BCE.
  4. Barter System: It is the system of exchanging services and goods.
  5. Chalcolithic Age: It is the Copper-stone Age in which humans made tools of both copper and stone. It extended roughly from 4, 000 BCE to 2, 000 BCE.
  6. Bronze: It is the alloy of copper and tin. It is harder and stronger than copper.

Additional Questions

A. Fill in the blanks.

  1. 1. In the earliest stages of physical development, humans walked on all four.
  2. In earliest times humans lived in caves and other natural shelters.
  3. The Old Stone Age humans made stone tools such as hammers, scrapers and axe-heads
  4. Early humans did not know how to grow crops. They were hunters and food gatherers
  5. To protect themselves from wild animals early humans began to form small groups.
  6. Primitive humans painted pictures of animals and hunting scenes on cave walls.
  7. The greatest achievement of early humans was the discovery of fire
  8. The stone tools of the Neolithic Age were well-shaped and polished.
  9. Neolithic humans domesticated dogs, goats, sheep and cattle.
  10. The invention of the wheel was a major milestone in the evolution of the civilized human.
  11. The system of exchanging services and goods is known as the Barter system.
  12. Copper and stone tools were used during the Chalcolithic Age.

B. Match the following
                             A                                            B
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - History - Early Man 1
Answer:
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - History - Early Man 2

C. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Describe the life of prehistoric humans in the earliest times.
Answer:
In earliest times, prehistoric humans lived alone in caves or other natural shelters. They ate wild berries, roots, fruits, insects, worms and flesh of small animals. They used their bare hands to kill small animals. They did not wear any clothes and their bodies were covered with thick hair.

Question 2.
Name the periods into which the Stone Ages can be broadly divided.
Answer:
The Stone Age can be broadly divided into four periods. They are following.

  1. Palaeolithic Age or Old Stone Age
  2. Mesolithic Age or Middle Stone Age
  3. Neolithic Age or New Stone Age
  4. Chalcolithic Age or Copper Stone Age

Question 3.
Describe the tools made by humans in the Palaeolithic Age. What purposes did these tools serve?
Answer:
During the Palaeolithic Age mao made crude unpolished tools. They shaped the large stone pieces into, hammers, scrapers and axe-heads. The purposes of these tools were for cutting tree, killing and skinning animals, chopping meat and digging up roots.

Question 4.
What did the people of the Old Stone Age eat?
Answer:
The people of Old Stone Age did not know how to grow crops. Their food consisted of fruits, roots, nuts, eggs of birds and raw flesh of animals and birds.

Question 5.
Where did early humans live? What did they wear?
Answer:
Early humans lived in caves and hide himself among the branches of trees. Early human did not wear clothes, But later they make clothes by stitching animal skins with bone needles.

Question 6.
How do we know that early humans were skillful artists?
Answer:
There is no doubt that early humans were skillful artist because the painted pictures of animals and drawn hunting scenes with great accuracy and skill on cave walls. They also engraved pictures on ivory horns and flat bones.

Question 7.
How did early humans discover fire? How did this discovery help them?
Answer:
Early humans found that when two dry stones rubbed together produce sparks of fire. This discovery bought a great change in their life. They used it for roasting food, lighting his cave, keeping warm in cold season and frightening animals.

Question 8.
What important changes took place in the life style of humans in the New Stone Age?
Answer:
In the New Stone Age human became a food produces from food gatherer. He gave up his cave and made huts of straw and mud and he also made better well grooved and more useful tools.

Question 9.
Discuss two important occupations of humans in the New Stone Age.
Answer:
Agriculture and domestication of animals were two important occupations of humans in the New Stone Age.

Question 10.
How did the invention of the wheel transform the life of the people in the Neolithic Age?
Answer:
The discovery of the wheel was an important achievement of the man in the Neolithic Period.It brought a rapid progress in making beautiful pots. The wheel was used in horse-carts and bullock-carts. Which made transport quite easy and quick. The wheel was used for carrying loads and also used for spinning and weaving. In this way the invention of the wheel was a major achievement of man in his march towards civilization.

Question 11.
Why did early humans make pots? How did the invention of the potter’s wheel affect the art of pottery making?
Answer:
Early humans make pots because they needed pots to store grains, water and food. The invention of the potter’s wheel was boon for potters. They made pots of various shapes and sizes, pots were often decorated with floral designs and geometrical patterns.

Question 12.
‘Agriculture and domestication of animals brought dramatic changes in the of humans’. Explain.
Answer:
Agriculture— The discovery of Agriculture has a great importance in the life of humans. The man now become a food producer instead of a food-gatherer and thus, he began to lead a settled life. He now grow com, vegetables and fruits near his hut.

Domestication— The Domestication of animals help the humans in many ways Dogs, goats, sheep and cattle were domesticated. These animals supplied milk, meat and skins. Bullocks, donkeys and horses were later used to plough the fields. In these ways agriculture and domestication brought dramatic changes in the life of humans.

Question 13.
Write short notes on the following:
1. The barter system
2.Social life during the Neolithic Age
Answer:

  1. The barter system It is the system of exchanging services and goods. For example, the potters got food grains in exchange for pots and vice versa.
  2. Social life during the Neolithic Age From the earliest times, people had been living in groups. It became necessary to have a code of conduct to regulate and control the activities of the people. These rules became established customs. The oldest, wiser or the strongest man in the village was chosen as the village head man. He maintained law and order in the village and protected the people from enemies.

Question 14.
Mention the chief features of the Chalcolithic Age.
Answer:
Chalcolithic Age is known as the Copper-Stone Age. It was a brief but significant period in the life of man. The main features of the Chalcolithic Age were following.

  1. In Chalcolithic Age discovery of metals and improved implements led to the development of agricultural skills to a high degree.
  2. Chalcolithic Settlements were rural in nature Society became more complex and was classified into different groups.

D. State whether the following are true or false.

  1. The humans of the Old Stone Age were hunters and food gatherers.
    True.
  2. Fire was discovered in the Neolithic Age.
    False.
  3. The Neolithic humans used digging sticks and stone sickles.
    True.
  4. Humans did not know spinning and weaving in the New Stone Age.
    False
  5. Copper is harder and stronger than bronze.
    False.

E. Picture study.

The picture below shows some stone implements.
ICSE Solutions for Class 6 History and Civics - History - Early Man 3

  1. To which prehistoric age do these implements belong?
    Ans. These implements belongs to Neolithic Age.
  2. How are these implements different from those belonging to the previous age?
    Ans. These implements were beautiful, well grooved and more useful than belonging to the previous age.
  3. What purpose did these tools serve?
    Ans. Humans used these tools to till the soil and to reap the crops.
  4. Mention five important changes that took place in the lifestyle of humans of this period.
    Ans.
    1. In Neolithic age man became a food producer from food gatherer.
    2.Man gave up his cave and made huts of straw and mud near his fields.
    3.Man made better, beautiful well grooved, and more useful tools.
    4. The invention of wheel made the life easier and more comfortable.
    5. Man began to live in groups and human life became more organized.