\n(vi) Testes<\/td>\n | Testosterone<\/td>\n | Development of primary and secondary sex\u00a0characters in males.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n <\/p>\n Question 22:<\/strong> Given below is a table consisting of a set of items belonging to a common category. Complete the table by filling in the category and the odd one in the blanks.<\/p>\n\n\n\nSet<\/strong><\/td>\nCategory<\/strong><\/td>\nOdd one<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nAdrenaline, Penicillin, Insulin, Thyroxin<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nVasopressin, growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, FSH<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Answer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nSet<\/strong><\/td>\nCategory<\/strong><\/td>\nOdd one<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nAdrenaline, Penicillin, Insulin, Thyroxin<\/td>\n | Hormones<\/td>\n | Penicillin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nVasopressin, growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, FSH<\/td>\n | Hormones from anterior Pituitary<\/td>\n | Vasopressin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 23:<\/strong> Complete the table given below by filling in the blanks numbered 1 to 8.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGland<\/strong><\/td>\nHormone Secreted<\/strong><\/td>\nEffect on Body<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n1<\/td>\n | 2<\/td>\n | Regulates basal metabolism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nPancreas ((3-cells)<\/td>\n | 3<\/td>\n | 4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n5<\/td>\n | \u00a06<\/td>\n | Increases heart beat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n7<\/td>\n | Thyroid stimulating hormone<\/td>\n | 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Answer:<\/strong> \n1. Thyroid \n2. Thyroxin \n3. Insulin \n4. Controls blood sugar level \n5. Adrenal \n6. Adrenaline \n7. Pituitary \n8. Stimulates thyroid gland<\/p>\nGive Reasons<\/span><\/h3>\nQuestion 1:<\/strong> Hormones are called ‘chemical messengers’. \nAnswer:<\/strong> The hormones are carried to all the parts of the body through blood circulation to bring about the harmonious working of the body. So, they are called chemical messengers.<\/p>\nQuestion 2:<\/strong> Organs like the stomach and intestine are also endocrine glands. Why ? \nAnswer:<\/strong> The mucous lining of the stomach and intestine produce certain hormones which regulate the secretion and flow of certain digestive juices. So these are endocrine glands.<\/p>\nQuestion 3:<\/strong> The thyroid gland is called as nature gland. \nAnswer:<\/strong> The thyroid gland is also called as nature gland because it secretes thyroxin hormone which is mainly responsible for the normal behaviour of human beings. In adequate supply of hormones human behaviour remains normal. In case of excess supply of hormones in the blood there are increased metabolic activities, raised nervous excitability and increased physical activity accompanied by fatigue and loss of weight.<\/p>\nQuestion 4:<\/strong> Goiter is usually observed in people living in hilly regions. \nAnswer:<\/strong> The soil and water in hilly regions is deficient in iodine. Hence goitre is usually observed in people living in hilly regions.<\/p>\nQuestion 5:<\/strong> The thymus is larger and more prominent in children than is adults. \nAnswer:<\/strong> The thymus gland is supposed to stimulate growth and provide immunity in children. Hence it is larger and more prominent in children than in adults.<\/p>\nQuestion 6:<\/strong> Pancreas is both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland. Explain. \nAnswer:<\/strong> Pancreas is a heterocrine or myxocrine gland, as it contains two types of secretary structures, i.e., (i) Islet of Langerhans which secrete hormones insulin and glucagon, and these are transported by way of blood, and (ii) Acini that secretes pancreatic juice that is transported by way of ducts.<\/p>\nQuestion 7:<\/strong> Insulin is injected into the body of a highly diabetic patient and not given orally. Explain. \nAnswer:<\/strong> Insulin is a protein hormone and if it is given orally it would be acted upon by the protein digesting enzymes in the alimentary tract. So it is injected into the body of highly diabetic patient and is able to travel in the blood stream to bring about the required specific effect.<\/p>\nQuestion 8:<\/strong> The pituitary is called the master gland. \nAnswer:<\/strong> The hormones of pituitary gland regulate so many activities of the body and other endocrine gland Hence, it is called master gland.<\/p>\nQuestion 9:<\/strong> Adrenaline is also known as emergency hormone. \nAnswer:<\/strong> Adrenalin is secreted at the time of emergency (stress or strain) and prepares the body to fight, fright and flight. So, it is also known as emergency hormone.<\/p>\nQuestion 10:<\/strong> Our hair stands on their ends during fear. \nAnswer:<\/strong> During fear adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline which prepares the body to face fear by increasing heart beat, blood pressure and energy production. That is why our hair stands on their during fear.<\/p>\nQuestion 11:<\/strong> Some adult women may develop facial hairs. What may be the cause for it ? \nAnswer:<\/strong> If there is an overgrowth of the adrenal cortex in an adult woman, she develops facial hairs. This condition is known as adrenal virilism.<\/p>\nQuestion 12:<\/strong> The release of progesterone in the urine is an indication of pregnancy. Explain. \nAnswer:<\/strong> Because progesterone brings about changes in the uterus for the retention and growth of pregnancy.<\/p>\nDifferentiate<\/span><\/h3>\nQuestion 1:\u00a0<\/strong>Endocrine gland and Exocrine gland. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nEndocrine gland<\/strong><\/td>\nExocrine gland<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n(i) These are ductless glands.<\/td>\n | They may or may not have ducts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n(ii) They pour secretion directly into the blood.<\/td>\n | The secretion is poured directly at the sight of action or reaches the target.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n(iii) They secrete hormones.<\/td>\n | They secrete enzymes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n(iv) They control long term activities of target organs, e.g., thyroid glands.<\/td>\n | They control short term activity, e.g., gastric gland.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 2:\u00a0<\/strong>Hormones and Enzyme. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nHormones<\/strong><\/td>\nEnzyme<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nAct at sites usually far away from source.<\/td>\n | Act usually within the same cell or at the most close to the cell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nAlways transported by blood.<\/td>\n | Not transported by blood. In some cases transported by ducts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nChemically may be proteins, steroids or amino acids.<\/td>\n | Chemically always protein.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 3:\u00a0<\/strong>Insulin and Glucagon. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nInsulin<\/strong><\/td>\nGlucagon<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nIt is secreted by P-cells of Islets of Langerhans.<\/td>\n | It is secreted by a-cells of Islets of Langerhans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nIt converts the excess glucose into glycogen.<\/td>\n | It converts the glycogen into glucose.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 4:\u00a0<\/strong>Nervous control and Hormonal control. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nNervous Control<\/strong><\/td>\nHormonal Control<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nThe information is sent in the form of electric signals.<\/td>\n | The information is sent in the form of chemical signals.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nThe signals travel through nerve fibres to specific target cells like muscle fibres and glands.<\/td>\n | The signals travel through blood stream to cells in different organs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nNervous system causes muscles to contract or relax, glands to secrete more or less. But it cannot bring about growth.<\/td>\n | Endocrine system brings about changes in metabolic activities of all body tissues. It affects growth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nAction is immediate (within few milliseconds.)<\/td>\n | Action is slow (can take hours or days to produce response).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nEffect lasts for a sliort time.<\/td>\n | Effect is more lasting and permanent.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 5:\u00a0<\/strong>Cretinism and Myxedema. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nCretinism<\/strong><\/td>\nMyxedema<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nCaused by hyposecretion of thyroxine in infants.<\/td>\n | Caused by hyposecretion of thyroxine in adults.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nIt is characterized by stunted growth, pot belly, protruding tongue and pigeon chest.<\/td>\n | It is characterized by puffy appearance due to accumulation of fat in the subcutaneous tissue and oedema (accumulation of water in tissue space).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nMental and sexual retardation takes place.<\/td>\n | Mental and sexual development is not affected but patients lack alertness.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 6:\u00a0<\/strong>Gigantism and Acromegaly. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nGigantism<\/strong><\/td>\nAcromegaly<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nCaused by over-secretion of somatotropin in childhood.<\/td>\n | Caused by over-secretion of somatotropin after adolescence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nDue to abnormal elongation of bones and muscles, person is of abnormally large height.<\/td>\n | Abnormal increase of bones of hands and legs, and the lower jaw, person has gorilla like appearance but is not a giant.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 7:\u00a0<\/strong>Simple Goitre and Exophthalmic Goitre. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nSimple Goitre<\/strong><\/td>\n | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |