PART – I (30 Marks)<\/strong> Question 1. [10 x 2] (ii) A – Shivaliks or outer Himalayas. (iii) (a) Godavari originates in the Nashik district of Maharashtra. (iv) Urban forestry pertains to raising and management of trees on public and privately owned lands in and around urban centres. It includes green-belts, road side avenues, parks etc. Its main objectives are :<\/p>\n (v) Irrigation is necessary in India because of :<\/p>\n (vi) Two problems of Green Revolution are :<\/p>\n 1. Inter-crop Imbalances :<\/strong> Though all the crops like wheat, rice, jowar, bajara and maize have gained from Green Revolution, it is wheat which has benefited the most. The HYV seeds for pulses and oilseeds have not been developed so far at all. The result is an excess of production in two main food grains-wheat and rice and shortages in most other like oilseeds and pulses.<\/p>\n 2. Regional Disparities :<\/strong> Green Revolution affected only those areas which were already better placed from an agricultural point of view like Western U.P., Punjab and Haryana in the north and Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh in the south. It has hardly touched Eastern India, Assam, Bihar, West Bengal and Odisha.<\/p>\n (vii) Important aspects of environmental management are :<\/p>\n Hydroelectric Power<\/p>\n Nuclear Power<\/p>\n (ix) 1. Roads can navigate high gradients and sharp turns which railways cannot do. (x) Challenges faced by the tourism industry in India today are :<\/p>\n SECTION – B<\/strong><\/p>\n Question 2. [10] PART – II (40 Marks)<\/strong> Question 3. Western Himalayas<\/p>\n Eastern Himalayas<\/p>\n (b) (i) Antecedent drainage is a river system originating before a period of uplift and folding of the land as a result of earth movements. The Himalayan rivers like Indus, Satluj and the Brahmaputra continue to cut down their valley at approximately the same rate as the uplift of the land and so maintain the general pattern and direction. So these rivers are known as Antecedent drainage.<\/p>\n (ii) The Aravali’s alignment is parallel to the rain-bearing SW monsoon winds, so Jaisalmer does not receive any rain from the Arabian Sea branch of SW monsoon. It is also located in the rain shadow region of the Bay of Bengal branch of SW monsoon. So it does not receive (c) (i) Rain shadow region. (d) (i) Climate : Rainfall and temperature influence the vegetation to a great extent. In India, regions receiving rainfall over 200 cm with high temperatures have tropical evergreen type of vegetation commonly. Regions with average temperature of 24\u00b0 C 27\u00b0C and rainfall ranging between 150 cm 200 cm have tropical deciduous forests. Regions with moderate rain of 50 cm have thorn and scrub type of vegetation.<\/p>\n (ii) Tropical evergreen forests are not very important economically because :<\/p>\n Question 4. (b) Metropolis Megalopolis (c) (i) Linear rural settlements develop along a stream, inhabited by different tribal groups or the fishing villages in the coastal areas. (d) Density of population is a ratio of total population to the total area of the country or a part of it. (e) (i) The unique characteristic of the growth during this period is the period of high growth up to 1981, has definite signs of slowing down of growth rate of population after 1981. Question 5. Measures to improve it :<\/p>\n (b) (i) Land which was used for cultivation but is temporarily out of cultivation. (c) Wells, tanks and inundation canals are called primitive methods of irrigation which are inefficient, uneconomical and inconvenient. Only limited area can be irrigated while tubewell is capable of irrigating about ten times more the area as compared to an ordinary well. Perennial canal is much better than inundation canals because it can irrigate larger areas and provides regular irrigation throughout year. Overwatering leads to serious problems of soil salinity and alkalinity.<\/p>\n Question 6. (b) (i) Gujarat. (c) Marine Fishing in Japan<\/p>\n Marine Fishing in India<\/p>\n (d) (i) Manganese : Largest producer Maharashtra. Question 7. (b) (i) Jawaharlal Nehru Port has a vast hinterland covering the whole of Maharashtra and large parts of M.P, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Delhi and some parts of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. (c) (i) Chennai. 2. The port is ill-suited for large ships because of the lesser depth of water near the coast. Question 8. (i) Raw Material :<\/strong> Industries which use heavy and bulky raw materials in their primary stage in large quantities, are usually located near the supply of the raw material, to bring down the cost of production e.g., Iron and Steel industry.<\/p>\n (ii) Power :<\/strong> Regular supply of power is a prerequisite for the localisation of industries. Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur, Aluminium Plant at Korba in Chhattisgarh and Renukoot in U.P., Copper smelting plant at Khetri, Rajasthan are near the sources of power and raw material.<\/p>\n (iii) Transport :<\/strong> Transport by land or water is necessary for the assembly of raw materials and for the marketing of finished products. The location of many industries around Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai is due to the development of railways in India, connecting the port towns with their hinterlands.<\/p>\n (b) (i) Industries tend to be concentrated in a few pockets because of certain favourable factors. The pockets having high concentration of industries are known as industrial clusters. (c) (i) Raw materials which lose their weight in the process of manufacture are known as weight losing raw materials, e.g., sugar industry, iron and steel industry, aluminium industry. (d) (i) The unplanned and unchecked growth of tourist centres deprives the tourists of the original charm and ultimately proves disastrous. e.g., Darjeeling, Mussoorie, Shimla. Question 9. (b) 1. State level planning. (c) (i) Haldia port is located at the confluence of rivers Hooghly and Haldi about 105 km downstream from Kolkata. (d) (i) Korba.
\nAnswer all questions.
\nSECTION – A<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n(i) Give two reasons to explain why India is considered to be a subcontinent.
\n(ii) The figure below represents a topographic section from the Himalayas to the Peninsular region. Identify any two of the features marked A, B, C and D.
\n![\"ISC](\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/ISC-Geography-Question-Paper-2018-Solved-for-Class-12-1.png\")
\n(iii) With reference to river Godavari, name the following :
\n(a) The State where it originates.
\n(b) The State where it forms its delta.
\n(iv) What is urban forestry ? Mention any two of its objectives.
\n(v) State two reasons to explain why irrigation is necessary in India.
\n(vi) Briefly explain any two problems caused by Green Revolution with respect to Indian agriculture.
\n(vii) State any two important aspects of environmental management.
\n(viii) Mention two ways in which hydroelectric power is better than nuclear power.
\n(ix) Give two advantages of transportation by roadways.
\n(x) Mention two major challenges faced by the tourism industry in India today.
\nAnswer:
\n(i) India is called a subcontinent because of its :<\/p>\n\n
\nB – Bhabar.
\nC – Bhangar.
\nD – Khadar.<\/p>\n
\n(b) Godavari forms its delta before joining Bay of Bengal in Andhra Pradesh.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n2. Road transport system establishes easy contact between farms, fields, factories and markets and provides door-to-door service.<\/p>\n\n
\nOn the outline map of India provided :
\n(a) Mark and name the southernmost point of the Indian mainland.
\n(b) Mark and name the highest peak of the Trans Himalayas.
\n(c) Mark and name the Vindhyas.
\n(d) Mark and name the Chota Nagpur Plateau.
\n(e) Print HP over an area experiencing high pressure during the winter season.
\n(f) Trace the course and label river Kaveri.
\n(g) With the help of an arrow show the direction and name the wind that brings rainfall over the Gangetic Plains during the monsoon season. (h) Shade and name the State with the highest rural population.
\n(i) Mark and name the State which has the highest sex ratio.
\n(j) Locate and label the southernmost port city in the west coast.
\nNote :<\/strong> All the map work, including legend (Index) should be done on the map sheet only.
\nAnswer:
\n![\"ISC](\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/ISC-Geography-Question-Paper-2018-Solved-for-Class-12-2.png\")
<\/p>\n
\nAnswer any four questions.<\/p>\n
\n(a) Give three differences between the Western and the Eastern Himalayas. [3]
\n(b) Explain the following : [2]
\n(i) The Himalayan rivers are typical examples of antecedent drainage.
\n(ii) Jaisalmer receives very less rainfall annually.
\n(c) Study the climatic data provided in the table below for a city A in India and answer the questions that follow : [2]
\n![\"ISC](\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/ISC-Geography-Question-Paper-2018-Solved-for-Class-12-3.png\")
\nT = Mean monthly temperature in degree Celsius (\u00b0C).
\nR = Average monthly rainfall in millimetres (mm).
\n(i) What is the cause of low rainfall in station A ?
\n(ii) Calculate the range of temperature of this station.
\n(d) (i) State how rainfall and temperature influence the vegetation type in India. [2]
\n(ii) Why are tropical evergreen forests not very important economically ? [1]
\nAnswers:
\n(a) Differences between the Western and the Eastern Himalayas<\/p>\n\n
\n
\nany rain from the Bay of Bengal branch too.<\/p>\n
\n(ii) (18\u00b0C) – (-8\u00b0C) = 26\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n
\n(a) Why is the dependency ratio higher in rural areas than in urban areas ? State two reasons. [3]
\n(b) Distinguish between metropolis and megalopolis.
\n(c) With reference to the linear rural settlement pattern, answer the following: [2]
\n(i) How does this pattern develop ?
\n(ii) Name any two areas where this pattern is found in India.
\n(d) Define density of population. What is India’s density of population as per the 2011 census ? [2]
\n(e) The graph below shows the percentage decadal growth rate of India for a period from 1971 to 2011. [2]
\n![\"ISC](\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/ISC-Geography-Question-Paper-2018-Solved-for-Class-12-4.png\")
\n(i) What is the unique characteristic of growth during this period ?
\n(ii) Explain the reason causing this uniqueness.
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Dependency ratio is higher in rural areas because :<\/p>\n\n
\nMetro cities are cities with a population of more than 1 million. e.g., Allahabad, Kanpur, Pune, Kochi.<\/p>\n
\nMega cities are those with a population of over 5 million. e.g., Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad.<\/p>\n
\n(ii) Manipur, Balaghat in M.P., Raigarh district in Chhattisgarh.<\/p>\n
\n![\"ISC](\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/ISC-Geography-Question-Paper-2018-Solved-for-Class-12-5.png\")
\nIndia’s density of population as per the 2011 census is 382 persons per sq. km.<\/p>\n
\n(ii) This declining trend of growth rate of population is a positive indicator of the official efforts of birth control and people’s own inclination to opt for smaller families.<\/p>\n
\n(a) Mention any two drawbacks of land use pattern in India. Suggest any one measure to improve it. [3]
\n(b) (i) What is fallow land ? [1]
\n(ii) Suggest two farming practices which will help to reduce the extent of fallow land ?
\n(c) Mention two reasons why the modern methods of irrigation are preferred over traditional methods of irrigation, in India. [2]
\n(d) State two dangers of overwatering. [2]
\nAnswer:
\n(a) The two drawbacks of land use pattern in India are :<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n(ii) Farming practices which will help to reduce the effect of fallow land :<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n(a) (i) What is intensity of cropping ? [2]
\n(ii) Explain why there is a variation of cropping intensity in Punjab and Rajasthan.
\n(b) (i) Name the largest cotton producing state in India. [2]
\n(ii) What are the geographical conditions required for the growth of cotton?
\n(c) What are the three advantages that Japan has over India with respect to marine fishing ? [2]
\n(d) Name the largest producing state for each of the following minerals and also give one use of each of these minerals : [2]
\n(i) Manganese
\n(ii) Mica
\nAnswer:
\n(a) (i) \u201cIntensity of cropping\u201d refers to the number of crops raised on a field during an agricultural year. The total cropped area as a percentage of the net sown area gives a measure of cropping intensity.
\n![\"ISC](\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/ISC-Geography-Question-Paper-2018-Solved-for-Class-12-6.png\")
\n(ii) Punjab is a densely populated state with good irrigation facilities, fertile soil and moderate rainfall. So the cropping intensity is high. Rajasthan receives very low rainfall, has not so fertile soil and irrigation facilities are absent. So the cropping intensity is low.<\/p>\n
\n(ii) Temperature : 20\u00b0C to 30\u00b0C.
\nRainfall : 50 cm to 100 cm.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\nUse : Used in making iron and steel, acts as a basic raw material for manufacturing its alloy.
\n(ii) Mica : Largest producer-Andhra Pradesh.
\nUse : Used in the electrical and electronic industry because it can withstand high voltage and low power loss factor.<\/p>\n
\n(a) State any two advantages of railways in India.
\n(b) With reference to the Jawaharlal Nehru Port, state the following : [3]
\n(i) Its hinterland.
\n(ii) Two items of export.
\n(iii) Two items of import.
\n(c) (i) Name the city which has the oldest artificial harbour on the east coast of India. [1]
\n(ii) State two geographical problems faced by this harbour. [2]
\n(d) State any two ways in which cinema can be considered as powerful means of mass communication. [2]
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Advantages of Railways in India :
\n(i) It forms a major employment sector as lakhs of people are dependent on railways for their livelihood.
\n(ii) Railways serve as the cheapest mode of transport for bulky products over long distances.
\n(iii) Railways serve as the principle mode of transport for both freight and passengers.<\/p>\n
\n(ii) Exports : Cotton textiles, leather, tobacco, chemical goods.
\n(iii) Imports : Crude oil, superior quality raw cotton, latest machines, instruments and drugs.<\/p>\n
\n(ii) 1.Severe tropical cyclones in the month of October – November which frequently originate in the Bay of Bengal, pose serious threat to fishermen.<\/p>\n
\n(d) Ways in which cinema can be considered as a powerful means of mass communication are :<\/p>\n\n
\n(a) Mention any three factors that determine the location of an industry. [3]
\n(b) (i) What are industrial clusters ? [3]
\n(ii) Identify one industrial cluster from Northern India. State two reasons for its growth.
\n(c) Explain the following : [2]
\n(i) Weight losing raw material.
\n(ii) Integrated steel plant.
\n(d) State any two negative impacts of tourism on the environment. [2]
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Three factors determining the location of an industry are :<\/p>\n
\n(ii) Gurgaon-Delhi – Meerut industrial region. Two reasons for its growth are :<\/p>\n\n
\n(ii) Integrated Steel Plant : All three processes from melting of iron ore in the blast furnace to steel making followed by shaping of the metal by rolling is carried out under one complex.<\/p>\n
\n(ii) The area around a tourist spot is covered by commercial constructions and even by industries. Such unplanned growth tarnishes the image of the concerned spot. e.g., The Meenakshi Temple at Madurai, The Palace of Udaipur in Rajasthan.<\/p>\n
\n(a) What is meant by development ? What is the geographer’s perspective to development ? [2]
\n(b) Apart from the Central Level Planning, what are the other levels in the multilevel planning ? [2]
\n(c) With reference to Haldia Port, answer the following questions : [3]
\n(i) Location of the port.
\n(ii) Hinterland.
\n(iii) Reason for its development.
\n(d) With reference to mining in Chhattisgarh, name the following : [3]
\n(i) The largest coal field.
\n(ii) The largest iron-ore mine.
\n(iii) A bauxite mining centre.
\nAnswers:
\n(a) Development implies overall improvement in economic, social and political conditions of a society. It is not only area specific but also time specific. Geographer’s conceptualization of development is much more comprehensive. It considers economic progress, social advancement, political development and environmental preservation. It is an integrating discipline and offers a unique synthesis of development of natural and human resources.<\/p>\n
\n2. District level planning.
\n3. Block level planning.
\n4. Panchayat level planning.<\/p>\n
\n(ii) Hinterland covers a vast area including almost the whole of eastern and north-eastern parts of the country, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura and northern parts of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh
\n(iii) Haldia port has been developed to release congestion at Kolkata port.<\/p>\n
\n(ii) Bailadia mine.
\n(iii) Surguja, Raigarh, Bilaspur.<\/p>\nISC Class 12 Geography Previous Year Question Papers<\/a><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"