{"id":2486,"date":"2020-11-30T09:25:12","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T03:55:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/?p=2486"},"modified":"2020-11-30T10:15:05","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T04:45:05","slug":"structure-atom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/structure-atom\/","title":{"rendered":"How would you describe the Structure of an Atom"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>How would you describe the Structure of an Atom<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>After the discovery of electron and proton, the scientists started thinking of arranging these particles in an atom. J.J. Thomson was the first scientist to propose a model for the structure of atom. Mainly there are three model preposed.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Thomson\u2019s model of an atom<\/li>\n<li>Rutherford model of an atom<\/li>\n<li>Bohr\u2019s model of an atom<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>1.\u00a0Thomson\u2019s model of an atom <\/b><\/strong><br \/>\nThomson was the first to propose a detailed model of the atom. He proposed that an atom consists of a uniform sphere of positive electricity in which the electrons are distributed more or less uniformly. The negative and the positive charge are equal in magnitude. Thus, the atom as a whole is electrically neutral. This model of atom is known as the \u201c<strong><b>Plum pudding model<\/b><\/strong>\u201d.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-108272 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-1.png\" alt=\"How would you describe the Structure of an Atom 1\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><b>2. <a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/rutherfords-original-hypothesis\/\">Rutherford<\/a><\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/rutherfords-original-hypothesis\/\"><strong><b> model of an atom <\/b><\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<strong><b>3. <a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/bohr-contribute-theory-atom\/\">Bohr\u2019s model of an atom<\/a><\/b><\/strong><br \/>\n<b>People also ask<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/rutherfords-original-hypothesis\/\">What was Rutherford&#8217;s Original Hypothesis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/bohr-contribute-theory-atom\/\">What did Bohr Contribute to the Theory of an Atom<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/characteristics-electron-proton-neutron\/\">What are the Characteristics of Electron, Proton and Neutron<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/bohr-bury-distribution-electrons-different-shells\/\">Explain Bohr Bury rules for Distribution of Electrons into Different Shells<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/isotopes-isobars-isotones-element\/\">What are the Isotopes, Isobars and Isotones of an Element<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/dalton-contribute-understanding-atom\/\">What did Dalton Contribute to the Understanding of the Atom<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/definition-atom-molecule\/\">What is the Definition of Atom and Molecule<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/atomic-mass\/\">What is Atomic Mass<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/model-atom-changed-years\/\">How has the Model of the Atom Changed Over the Years?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The Electronic Structure of an Atom<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in the shells of an atom.<\/li>\n<li>The shells of an atom are numbered 1,2, 3 and so on, starting from the one closest to the nucleus.<\/li>\n<li>Each shell can occupy a certain number of electrons, as shown in Figure below. For atoms with proton numbers of 1 to 20, two electrons can occupy the first shell, eight electrons in the second shell and eight electrons in the third shell. Any additional electrons will be placed in the fourth shell.<br \/>\n<strong>Figure:<\/strong>\u00a0Maximum number of electrons that can occupy each shell for elements with the proton numbers of 1 to 20.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-108273\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-2.jpg\" alt=\"How would you describe the Structure of an Atom 2\" width=\"397\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-2.jpg 397w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-2-300x123.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Finding the electron arrangement<\/h2>\n<p>To write the electron arrangement of an atom, follow these steps:<br \/>\n<strong>Step 1<\/strong> Find out the proton number of the atom. (From Periodic Table)<br \/>\n<strong>Step 2<\/strong> Find out the number of electrons of the atom.<br \/>\nFor a neutral atom, the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons.<br \/>\n<strong>Step 3<\/strong> Arrange the electrons in the shells. Electrons occupy the shells closest to the nucleus first. Electrons only start occupying a new shell when the previous one has been occupied.<\/p>\n<h2>Finding the electron arrangement Example Problems with Solutions<\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. What is the electron arrangement of a chlorine atom?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Solution:<br \/>\n<\/strong>The proton number of chlorine is 17.<br \/>\nThe number of electrons in a chlorine atom is 17.<br \/>\nThe 17 electrons are arranged as two in the first shell, eight in the second shell and the remaining seven in the third shell.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-108380\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-3.jpg\" alt=\"How would you describe the Structure of an Atom 3\" width=\"199\" height=\"145\" \/><br \/>\nThe electron arrangement of the chlorine atom L . can be written as 2.8.7.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. What is the electron arrangement of a potassium atom?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Solution:<\/strong><br \/>\nThe proton number of potassium is 19.<br \/>\nHence, the number of electrons in a potassium atom is 19.<br \/>\nThe 19 electrons are arranged as two in the first shell, eight in the second shell, eight in the third shell and the remaining one in the fourth shell.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-108381\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-4.jpg\" alt=\"How would you describe the Structure of an Atom 4\" width=\"223\" height=\"184\" \/><br \/>\nThe electron arrangement can be written as 2.8.8.1.<br \/>\n<strong>Note:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Electrons can be represented as dots or crosses.<\/li>\n<li>Always check to make sure that the electrons add up to the right number &#8211; in this case, 19.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Valence electrons<\/h2>\n<p>1. Valence electrons are electrons found in the outermost occupied shell of an atom.<br \/>\n2. The outermost occupied shell is the shell which is furthest from the nucleus.<br \/>\n3. The number of valence electrons in an atom can be determined from its electron arrangement.<br \/>\n4. For example, the electron arrangement of a chlorine atom is 2.8.7. There are 7 electrons in the outermost occupied shell of the chlorine atom. Therefore, the number of valence electrons in a chlorine atom is 7.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-108382\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-5.jpg\" alt=\"How would you describe the Structure of an Atom 5\" width=\"921\" height=\"662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-5.jpg 921w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-5-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-5-768x552.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 921px) 100vw, 921px\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-108384\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-6.jpg\" alt=\"How would you describe the Structure of an Atom 6\" width=\"917\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-6.jpg 917w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-6-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-6-768x436.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 917px) 100vw, 917px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Atomic number<\/h2>\n<p>The number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom of an element is known as its atomic number.<br \/>\n<strong><b>Example:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>An atom of carbon has 6 protons so, the atomic number of carbon is 6. The atomic number is denoted by Z. Now positive charge on the nucleus is due to the presence of protons in it and each proton carries one unit of positive charge. Therefore, the atomic number of an element is equal to number of positive charges carried by the nucleus of an atom of the element.<br \/>\nAtomic number of an element (Z)<br \/>\n= Number of protons (p)<br \/>\n= Number of positive charges carried by the\u00a0nucleus of the atom<br \/>\nor = Number of electrons (e)<\/p>\n<h2>Mass number<\/h2>\n<p>The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom of the element.<br \/>\nMass number (A)\u00a0= No. of protons (p) + No. of neutrons (n)<br \/>\n<strong><b>Example:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Helium atom has 2 protons, 2 neutrons and 2 electron. Its mass number is equal to 2 + 2 = 4.<br \/>\n<strong><b>Example:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Oxygen has 8 protons, 8 neutrons and 8 electrons. its mass number is 16.<br \/>\nIn some cases, particularly heavier elements, the number of neutrons is more than the number of protons.<br \/>\n<strong><b>Example:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Mercury has atomic number equal to 80. So, it has 80 protons and 80 electrons. But the mass number of mercury is 200. Therefore, the number of neutrons in mercury is 200 \u2013 80 = 120.<br \/>\nGenerally, an atom is represented by its symbol for the element. Atomic number is written on the lower side of the symbol and the mass number is written on the upper side.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-108402\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/How-would-you-describe-the-Structure-of-an-Atom-7.png\" alt=\"How would you describe the Structure of an Atom 7\" width=\"52\" height=\"47\" \/><br \/>\nA = Mass number<br \/>\nZ = Atomic number<br \/>\nX = Symbol of element<br \/>\n<strong><b>Example:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Indicates that lithium has atomic number equal to 3 and mass number equal to 7.<\/p>\n<h2>Relationship between mass number and atomic number<\/h2>\n<p>Mass number = No. of protons + No. of neutrons<br \/>\nMass number = Atomic number + No. of neutrons<br \/>\n<strong><b>Example 1:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The atomic nucleus of an element has mass number 23 and number of neutrons 12. What is the atomic number of the element ?<br \/>\n<strong><b>Solution:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>We know that<br \/>\nMass No. = No. of protons + No. of neutrons<br \/>\n23 = No. of protons + 12<br \/>\n\u2234 No. of protons = 23 \u2013 12 = 11<br \/>\nNow, Atomic No. = No. of protons = 11.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Example 2:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Calculate the number of :<br \/>\n(i)\u00a0 electrons\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (ii) protons<br \/>\n(iii) neutrons and \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (iv) nucleons<br \/>\n<strong><b>Solution:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Mass No. = 39<br \/>\nAtomic No. = 19<br \/>\n(i) \u00a0 We know that<br \/>\natomic No. = No. of protons= No. of electrons<br \/>\nNo. of electrons = 19<br \/>\n(ii)\u00a0 No. of protons = 19<br \/>\n(iii) Mass No. = No. of neutrons + No. of electrons<br \/>\nNo. of neutrons = mass number \u2013 No. of protons<br \/>\n= 39 \u2013 19 = 20<br \/>\n(iv) Nucleons = No. of protons + No. of neutrons<br \/>\n= 19 + 20 = 39<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How would you describe the Structure of an Atom After the discovery of electron and proton, the scientists started thinking of arranging these particles in an atom. J.J. Thomson was the first scientist to propose a model for the structure of atom. Mainly there are three model preposed. Thomson\u2019s model of an atom Rutherford model &#8230; <a title=\"How would you describe the Structure of an Atom\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/structure-atom\/\" aria-label=\"More on How would you describe the Structure of an Atom\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[1078,1077,4200,4201,1079,4202,1076,1074,4199,1075,1085],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.8 (Yoast SEO v18.4.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How would you describe the Structure of an Atom - CBSE Library<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/structure-atom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How would you describe the Structure of an Atom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How would you describe the Structure of an Atom After the discovery of electron and proton, the scientists started thinking of arranging these particles in an atom. 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J.J. Thomson was the first scientist to propose a model for the structure of atom. Mainly there are three model preposed. Thomson\u2019s model of an atom Rutherford model ... 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