{"id":1189,"date":"2020-12-03T10:28:46","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T04:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/?p=1189"},"modified":"2020-12-03T17:19:33","modified_gmt":"2020-12-03T11:49:33","slug":"nomenclature-carbon-compounds-containing-functional-groups","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/nomenclature-carbon-compounds-containing-functional-groups\/","title":{"rendered":"Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds Containing Functional Groups"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds Containing Functional Groups<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

We have millions of organic compounds. As number of organic\u00a0compound is very big it is difficult to remember their names individually.To overcome this problem they have to be properly named. For this, the\u00a0International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) had been\u00a0formed, and one of its responsibilities is to name the organic and inorganic\u00a0compounds in a systematic order. The basic idea behind the systematic\u00a0nomenclature is that there should be only one name for the given structure
\nthroughout the world and also there should be only one structure for the\u00a0given name.<\/p>\n

IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. IUPAC names are used for International communication. Rules for IUPAC Naming of Organic Compounds :
\n(i) \u00a0 Select the possible longest chain containing the functional group.<\/p>\n

e.g.<\/p>\n

\"Nomenclature, longest chain contains 5 carbon atoms.
\n\"Nomenclature, longest chain contains 4 carbon atoms.<\/p>\n

(ii)\u00a0 The number of carbon atoms in the parent compounds is denoted by proper prefix :<\/p>\n

Meth for one\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 eth for two\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Prop for three
\nbut for four\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pent for five\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 hex for six
\nhept for seven\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 oct for eight \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0non for nine<\/p>\n

e.g., in CH3<\/sub>\u2013CH2<\/sub>\u2013CH2<\/sub>\u2013CH2<\/sub>\u2013CH2<\/sub>\u2013CH3 <\/sub>the parent chain contains 6 Carbon atoms, it is called
\nHexane. ane is the suffix for alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) having single bonds only.<\/p>\n

(iii) Groups attached to the parent chain are indicated by their names and prefixing the number of carbon to which they are attached in parent chain.<\/p>\n

Alkyl group\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 CH3<\/sub>\u2014 is called methyl
\nhas general \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>\u2014is called ethyl
\nformula Cn<\/sub>H2n+1<\/sub> \u00a0 CH3<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>\u2014 is\u00a0called n-propyl<\/p>\n

Example.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Nomenclature
\nis called 2-methylpropane because methyl group is attached to second carbon atom.<\/p>\n

(iv) The counting of carbon chain is done in such a way that the carbon attached to the alkyl group or functional group gets the minimum number, e.g.,
\n\"Nomenclature is 2-methylbutane and not 3-methylbutane.<\/p>\n

(v)\u00a0 If more than one identical groups are attached to same or different carbon atoms, prefix the numbers of carbon to which they are attached. The number of these groups are indicated as : di for two, tri for three, tetra for four and so on, e.g.
\n\"Nomenclature 2, 2-dimethylpropane because there are two methyl groups (dimethyl) and both are attached to second carbon therefore 2, 2-dimethylpropane because parent carbon chain contains three carbon atoms Similarly,
\n\"Nomenclature is 2, 3-dimethylbutane<\/p>\n

(vi) For double bond in alkenes suffix-ene, for triple bond suffix-yne is used in alkynes. In alkenes and alkynes, number of carbon atoms after which double or triple bond is present is also prefixed, e.g.,
\n\"Nomenclature is but-2-ene because double bond is after second carbon atom.<\/p>\n

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