{"id":11770,"date":"2020-11-28T12:22:57","date_gmt":"2020-11-28T06:52:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/?p=11770"},"modified":"2020-11-28T14:38:17","modified_gmt":"2020-11-28T09:08:17","slug":"use-transistors-electronics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/use-transistors-electronics\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the use of transistor in electronics?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>What is the use of transistor in electronics?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Transistors:<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105307 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-1.png\" alt=\"Transistor 1\" width=\"251\" height=\"229\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>A <strong>transistor<\/strong> is an electronic device which has three terminals labelled as <strong>base<\/strong>, <strong>collector<\/strong> and <strong>emitter<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>It is a solid state electronic device that has many functions such as being a switch, amplifier, voltage stabiliser and signal modulator.<\/li>\n<li>Transistors are made by joining the n-type semiconductors and p-type semiconductors together.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>Transistor Types and Symbols<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>There are two types of transistors, the npn transistor and pnp transistor.<\/li>\n<li>An <strong>npn transistor<\/strong> consists of a tljin layer.of p-type semiconductor sandwiched by two layers of n-type semiconductors. In an npn transistor, both the collector and emitter are n-type semiconductors while the base is a p-type semiconductor.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105310 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-2.png\" alt=\"Transistor 2\" width=\"285\" height=\"102\" \/><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>pnp transistor<\/strong> consists of a thin layer of n-type semiconductor sandwiched by two layers of p-type semiconductors. In a pnp transistor, both the collector and emitter are p-type semiconductors while the base is an n-type semiconductor.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105323 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-3.png\" alt=\"Transistor 3\" width=\"287\" height=\"100\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Figure shows the symbols for the two types of transistors, the npn transistor and the pnp transistor.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105329 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-4.png\" alt=\"Transistor 4\" width=\"288\" height=\"169\" \/><\/li>\n<li>The arrow in each of the symbol represents the direction of conventional current flow. In the npn transistor, current flows from C to E, whereas in pnp transistor, current flows from E to C.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>People also ask<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/transistor-used-as-switch\/\">How can a transistor be used as a switch?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/understanding-semiconductor-diodes\/\">Understanding Semiconductor Diodes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/half-wave-full-wave-rectification\/\">What do you mean by rectification?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/half-wave-full-wave-rectification\/\">What is a half wave rectifier?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/half-wave-full-wave-rectification\/\">What is a full wave rectifier used for?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/logic-gates\/\">What do you mean by logic gates?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/combinational-logic-circuits\/\">What is meant by combinational logic circuits?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>What is the basic function of a transistor?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>A transistor cannot function if only the collector and the emitter terminals are connected to a battery. The transistor is said to be switched off. Figure shows that when the transistor is switched off, current cannot flow through it, therefore the bulb does not light up.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105330 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-5.png\" alt=\"Transistor 5\" width=\"376\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-5.png 376w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-5-300x150.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>If a small battery is connected to the base as shown in Figure, to forward bias the base-emitter junction, a small current can flow through the base. This switches on the transistor. The transistor conducts and allows a larger collector current to flow through it from the collector to the emitter. Hence, the bulb lights up.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105331 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-6.png\" alt=\"Transistor 6\" width=\"398\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-6.png 398w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-6-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>The behaviour of the transistor shown in above Figure can be summarised as follows:<br \/>\n(a) If there is a small current in the base-emitter circuit, the transistor is switched on and conducts electricity.<br \/>\n(b) A small current in the base-emitter circuit allows a larger current to flow in the collector-emitter circuit.<\/li>\n<li>These two characteristics show that a transistor can be used as a current amplifier and a control switch.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>How does a transistor works as an amplifier?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Transistor as a Current Amplifier:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The electronic equipment shown in Figure consists of amplifier circuits that are made up of transistors. The function of an amplifier circuit is to amplify a small direct current or a.c. voltage (signal).<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105367 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-1.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 1\" width=\"254\" height=\"138\" \/><\/li>\n<li>A transistor functions as a current amplifier by allowing a small current to control a larger current. The size of the collector current, I<sub>C<\/sub>, is primarily determined by the base current, I<sub>B<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<li>Figure shows a simple amplifier circuit used to show current amplification by measuring I<sub>B<\/sub>\u00a0and I<sub>C<\/sub>.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105393 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-2.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 2\" width=\"335\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-2.png 335w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-2-300x176.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>A variable resistor R is used to control the base emitter current, I<sub>B<\/sub>. The output collector current, I<sub>C<\/sub>\u00a0is observed using a milliammeter.<\/li>\n<li>A typical graph of I<sub>C<\/sub>\u00a0versus I<sub>B<\/sub>\u00a0as shown in Figure can be used to derive the current gain for the transistor used in the circuit. Note that a small change in the base current will result in a big change in the collector current.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105394 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-3.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 3\" width=\"213\" height=\"169\" \/><\/li>\n<li>The current amplification or the current gain can be calculated from the graph as:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105395 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-4.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 4\" width=\"363\" height=\"95\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-4.png 363w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-4-300x79.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>Transistor Works as an Amplifier Experiment<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Aim:<\/strong> To show a transistor acting as a current amplifier.<br \/>\n<strong>Materials:<\/strong> Transistor, resistors of 2.2 k\u03a9, 3.9 k\u03a9, 4.7 k\u03a9, 6.8 k\u03a9, 8.2 k\u03a9\u00a0and 10.0 k\u03a9, connecting wires, dry cells<br \/>\n<strong>Apparatus:<\/strong> Milliammeters with range 0 &#8211; 1 mA and 0 &#8211; 100 mA<br \/>\n<strong>Caution:\u00a0<\/strong>Make sure the terminals of the transistor are connected correctly to avoid damaging the transistor.<br \/>\n<strong>Method:<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105396 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-7.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 7\" width=\"346\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-7.png 346w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-7-300x177.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The electrical circuit is set up as shown in Figure.<\/li>\n<li>Switch S<sub>1<\/sub>, is closed. The readings of the base current, I<sub>b<\/sub>\u00a0on the milliammeter A<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0and the collector current, I<sub>c<\/sub> on the milliammeter A<sub>2<\/sub> are recorded.<\/li>\n<li>Step <strong>2<\/strong> is repeated with switch S<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0opened and switch S<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0closed. The readings of the ammeters are recorded.<\/li>\n<li>Both switches S<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0and S<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0are closed. The readings of the ammeters are recorded.<\/li>\n<li>Step <strong>4<\/strong> is repeated by replacing the 10.0 k\u03a9 resistor in the base circuit with resistors of 8.2 k\u03a9, 6.8 k\u03a9, 4.7 k\u03a9, 3.9 k\u03a9\u00a0and 2.2 k\u03a9. All the readings are recorded.<\/li>\n<li>A graph of I<sub>c<\/sub>\u00a0against I<sub>b<\/sub>\u00a0is plotted.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Results:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>S<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0closed, S<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0open:<br \/>\nI<sub>b<\/sub>\u00a0= 0.08 mA, I<sub>c<\/sub>\u00a0= 0 mA<\/li>\n<li>S<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0open, S<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0closed:<br \/>\nI<sub>b<\/sub>\u00a0= 0 mA, I<sub>c<\/sub>\u00a0= 0 mA<\/li>\n<li>Both S<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0and S<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0are closed:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105399 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-8.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 8\" width=\"557\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-8.png 557w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-8-300x132.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Figure shows the graph of I<sub>c\u00a0<\/sub>against I<sub>b<\/sub>.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105400 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-9.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 9\" width=\"405\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-9.png 405w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-9-300x227.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Discussion:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>When switch S<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0is closed, milliammeter A<sub>1<\/sub>, gives a non-zero reading for I<sub>b<\/sub>. Meanwhile milliammeter A<sub>2<\/sub>, gives the reading for I<sub>c<\/sub>\u00a0which is equal to zero. So, it can be inferred that the current flows in the base circuit only.<\/li>\n<li>When switch S<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0is open and switch S<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0is closed, both milliammeters A<sub>1\u00a0<\/sub>and A<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>give a zero reading. So, it can be inferred that there is no current flow in both the base and collector circuits.<\/li>\n<li>When the base current, I<sub>b<\/sub>\u00a0increases, the collector current, I<sub>c<\/sub> increases.<\/li>\n<li>The gradient of the graph represents the current amplification.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105416\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-10.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 10\" width=\"248\" height=\"65\" \/><\/li>\n<li>A transistor amplifies current by increasing the collector current if the base current is increased. A small increase in the base current, I<sub>b<\/sub>\u00a0results in a big increase in the collector current, I<sub>c<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Potential Divider<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>As mentioned before, if there is a small current in the base-emitter circuit, the transistor is switched on and conducts electricity.<\/li>\n<li>Therefore, a transistor can be switched on or off by varying the voltage applied to the base terminal.<\/li>\n<li>This can be done by connecting two resistors in series across the main battery. This is called a <strong>potential divider<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>A potential divider in a transistor circuit is as shown in Figure.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105417 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-11.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 11\" width=\"331\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-11.png 331w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-11-300x198.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>The voltages can be calculated as:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105418 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-12.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 12\" width=\"295\" height=\"113\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>Transistor Numerical Problems and Solutions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Figure shows the graph of I<sub>c\u00a0<\/sub>against I<sub>b<\/sub>.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105421\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-5.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 5\" width=\"223\" height=\"169\" \/><br \/>\nCalculate the current gain.<br \/>\n<strong>Solution:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105422\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-as-a-Current-Amplifier-6.png\" alt=\"Transistor as a Current Amplifier 6\" width=\"162\" height=\"125\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Figure shows a transistor circuit.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105435\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-Numerical-Problems-1.png\" alt=\"Transistor Numerical Problems 1\" width=\"295\" height=\"145\" \/><br \/>\n(a) What is the function of the two resistors?<br \/>\n(b) Find the voltage across the base of the transistor.<br \/>\n(c) Find the current gain.<br \/>\n<strong><strong>Solution:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-105445\" src=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-Numerical-Problems-2.png\" alt=\"Transistor Numerical Problems 2\" width=\"392\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-Numerical-Problems-2.png 392w, https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Transistor-Numerical-Problems-2-300x109.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the use of transistor in electronics? Transistors: A transistor is an electronic device which has three terminals labelled as base, collector and emitter. It is a solid state electronic device that has many functions such as being a switch, amplifier, voltage stabiliser and signal modulator. Transistors are made by joining the n-type semiconductors &#8230; <a title=\"What is the use of transistor in electronics?\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/use-transistors-electronics\/\" aria-label=\"More on What is the use of transistor in electronics?\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[404],"tags":[4437,4435,4442,4434,4444,4441,4439,4440,4431,4438,4443,4433,4436,4432],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.8 (Yoast SEO v18.4.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is the use of transistor in electronics? - CBSE Library<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cbselibrary.com\/use-transistors-electronics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is the use of transistor in electronics?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is the use of transistor in electronics? Transistors: A transistor is an electronic device which has three terminals labelled as base, collector and emitter. It is a solid state electronic device that has many functions such as being a switch, amplifier, voltage stabiliser and signal modulator. Transistors are made by joining the n-type semiconductors ... 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