Types of Doctors Vocabulary: Walking into a hospital and we find people all in white clad coats. Then a walkthrough across the corridors mentions the names and specialties of the doctors written at their office door. Finally, we get the information of specialized doctors at the reception and book our appointments. But do we know the vocabulary of how many types of doctors there are in a hospital? According to the Macmillan dictionary a doctor is a person who treats people with an illness or injury. Most doctors have different expertise in medicine and treatment. In this article we will find the different types of doctors who treat patients.
General Physicians– General Physicians are doctors who treat children, adults and elderly patients, they are the most visited and are the common doctors consulted in the hospital for general patient conditions like cough cold fever and flu as well as routine checkups and screening for the patients. They even administer immunization shots and other medical conditions.
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General Surgeons– General Surgeons are doctors operating on entire parts of the body such as operations performed for gallbladders, hernia, tumors, cancer, hand and foot surgery and vascular or circulatory system surgery. Since surgeons perform surgeries on patients a lot of care and precaution is undertaken by them in understanding patient health as well as performing Surgeries on them making it into a highly skilled profession among doctors.
Pediatricians– Pediatricians or pediatrics are doctors specializing in the treatment of children, teenagers and infants. This profession requires doctors getting along well with children and good at consulting parents. Pediatrics are mostly involved in treating infants.
Obstetricians and Gynecologists– they are also referred as OB/GYNs, and look exclusively into female healthcare that includes pregnancy and childbirth. They are trained in both areas. Gynecologists look into female reproductive health whereas Obstetricians look into childbirth and pregnancy.
Otolaryngologists– Often called as ENT surgeons. ENT stands for ears, nose and throat. As the name suggests they are involved in treatment of diseases in the respiratory system, sinuses, ears, nose, throat, head and neck.
Allergists/Immunologists– these doctors are involved in the treatment of immune system disorders such as food allergies, asthma, eczema, and insect sting allergies with few autoimmune diseases.
Cardiologists- Cardiologists have an expertise in heart and blood vessels and are consulted for high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, heart attack and heart failure, They consult patients on all these concerns as well as perform surgeries related to heartcare.
Anesthesiologists- are doctors who administer anesthesia or drugs to numb the pain during surgery or childbirth. They monitor the vitals of the patient throughout the performance of their surgery or childbirth making their role very important during surgeries. Their role plays a critical part in delivering healthcare.
Critical Care Medicine Specialists- these are specialist doctors present at ICU Intensive Care Units in hospitals who provide medical service and assistance to patients who are critically ill or injured. They are seen by the patient during a heart or organ failure or if the patient has been involved in an accident.
Dermatologists– Dermatologists are doctors specialized in treating skin allergies such as skin rashes, acne and moles. They not just specialize in skin treatments but also with concerns of hair and nails. Overall, they specialize in treating skin, hair and nail problems in people.
Emergency Medicine Specialists- Emergency Medicine Specialists are doctors who are entrusted in making life or death decisions for patients in ER emergency rooms who are sick and injured. Their decision-making capability makes them important in the ER emergency room as their decisions and job is to save lives and prevent risk of disability in injured patients. Their quick responsiveness helps save the lives of patients in the ER Emergency Room.
Colon and Rectal Surgeons- These are doctors who are consulted for treatment of problems arising in the colon, and small intestine and rectal. They treat hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer.
Endocrinologists- Endocrinologists provide expertise on hormones and metabolism. They are involved in treating health conditions such as thyroid, diabetes and infertility along with bone and calcium disorders.
Gastroenterologists- They are doctors specialized for gastro or digestive concerns in a patient. They look into the treatment of digestive organs which include stomach, liver, bowels, gallbladder. Gastroenterologists are consulted for stomach ulcers, abdominal pain, jaundice, diarrhea and cancers in the digestive organs of patients. They perform colonoscopy and tests in detecting colon cancer.
Oncologists- These are doctors who are cancer specialists and perform chemotherapy working alongside surgeons and radiation oncologists.
Geriatric Medicine Specialists- These are doctors who care for the elderly and provide them with treatment visiting them at their homes, nursing homes, old age homes and doctors’ offices and hospitals.
Ophthalmologists- Ophthalmologists are well known as eye doctors and look into treatment of eye problems and concerns. They perform eye testing or vision testing and prescribe spectacles and contact lenses to patients. They even treat eye diseases such as glaucoma and are well trained to treat every eye condition by performing eye surgeries.
Infectious Disease Specialists- These doctors are specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of infections in any part of the patient’s body. They treat infections such as fevers, pneumonia, tuberculosis and HIV and AIDS with some specializing in preventive medicine.
Internists– Internists are doctors treating common and complex ailments and illness in adult patients and generally are the first in line of contact by patients in the hospital. They are trained with advanced training in subspecialities such as cancer, heart disease or sleep medicine. They have additional training in different areas of healthcare called fellowships.
Medical Geneticists- These are doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary disorders passed on by parents to children by generally offering genetic counselling to family and screening tests to their patients.
Nephrologists- Nephrologists are doctors who specialize in the treatment of high blood pressure and kidney diseases caused by fluid imbalances in the kidneys.
Neurologist- Neurologists are doctors specialized in the treatment of conditions arising in the nervous system, brain and spinal cord. They treat tumors in the brain and spinal cord epilepsy, Alzheimer and Parkinson’s disease in patients.
Pathologists- Pathologists are lab doctors who specialize in identifying the cause of disease in patients by examining fluids and body tissues under microscopic conditions.
Preventive Medicine Specialists- They are doctors specializing in treating patients with addictions and preventing illness caused by drugs, poisons and chemicals.
Psychiatrists- Psychiatrists are doctors specializing in the mental and emotional health of the patients or their addictive disorders. They are specialized in diagnosis and treatment of depression, anxiety, substance abuse, schizophrenia etc. Some of them focus on elderly, adolescents and children.
Pulmonologists- Pulmonologists specialize in breathing concerns in patients they treat health concerns such as asthma, lung cancer, pneumonia, emphysema and breathing issues that cause trouble in sleeping.
Radiologists- Radiologists are doctors specializing in medical imaging such as CT scans, X-rays and ultrasound. They identify the disease and illness causing concerns through imaging.
Rheumatologists- These doctors specialize in treatment of disease in joints, bones, muscle and tendons, such as arthritis, osteoporosis (weak bones), back pain and tendinitis.
Podiatrists- Podiatrists specialize in problems in the ankles and feet of the patient caused due to injuries arising from accidents or sports injury or from health concerns such as diabetes. Some even have advanced training in subspecialities of foot.
Physiatrists- They specialize in treating back and neck pain as well as sports and spinal cord injuries along with disability caused by accident and disease. They are specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation.
Sleep Medicine Specialists- These specialists look into the sleep patterns of the patient and treat poor sleep among them. They work in sleep labs and provide patients with in-home tests to identify their sleep wake patterns.
Dentist- Dentists are doctors specializing in oral care and hygiene. They look into the patient’s overall oral health including teeth and gums. They are also called orthodontists.
Plastic Surgeons- they are also referred to as cosmetic surgeons and look into the repair of skin, face and hands after injury or accident.
Nutritionist- These are specialized in planning meals and treating obesity and other health concerns arising from diet. Their focus is to provide a healthy and balanced diet to their people after surgeries or in general.
Hematologists- Hematologists are doctors specializing in diseases of blood spleen and glands and treat concerns such as anemia, sickle cell disease and leukemia etc.
Urologists- They specialize in concerns and perform surgeries caused to patients in their urinary tract.
Conclusion
It is important to know the different types of doctors for an individual as it becomes easier for them in providing medical assistance and healthcare in the time of a health emergency. Moreover, knowing the right doctors to consult saves time and efforts for individuals as doctors indeed play a crucial role for everyone in saving lives every day. So, the next time when you walk into a hospital, clinic or any healthcare facility you’ll be aware of which doctors to consult for your health.