The Trail History and Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions – Specialized Agencies of the UN

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The Trail History and Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions – Specialized Agencies of the UN

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The Trail History and Civics for Class 8 ICSE Answers

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Exercise

A. Fill in the blanks:

  1. The UNESCO was established in 1945 with headquarters at Paris.
  2. UNICEF provides assistance for running child care centres.
  3. When the UN was formed the ILO became its first specialized agency.
  4. The headquarters of FAO are in Rome.
  5. The WHO believes that good health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being.

B. Match the following:
The Trail History and Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions - Specialized Agencies of the UN 1
Answer:
The Trail History and Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions - Specialized Agencies of the UN 2
The Trail History and Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions - Specialized Agencies of the UN 3
C. Choose the correct answer:

1. The functions of UNESCO/UNICEF/ILO are based on the belief that the best way to prevent war is to educate people’s mind in the pursuit of peace.
Ans. The functions of UNESCO are based on the belief that the best way to prevent war is to educate people’s mind in the pursuit of peace.

2. The FAO/WHO/ILO was founded in 1945 and helps countries to raise their levels of nutrition.
Ans. The FAO was founded in 1945 and helps countries to raise their levels of nutrition.

3. The ILO/WHO/UNESCO was set up at the end of the First World War.
Ans. The ILO was set up at the end of the First World War.

4. The objectives of WHO/ILO/FAO is to improve the standard of health all over the world.
Ans. The objectives of WHO is to improve the standard of health all over the world.

5. The WHO has succeeded in eradicating smallpox/measles/ typhoid from the world.
Ans. The WHO has succeeded in eradicating smallpox from the world.

D. State whether the following are true or false:

  1. UNESCO encourages the spread of universal education.
    True
  2. UNICEF helps in solving financial crises and provides loans to nations.
    False.
    Correct: UNICEF helps in solving the problem of exploitation of children and child labour.
  3. The ILO sets guidelines for improving the living and working conditions of workers everywhere.
    True.
  4. The headquarters of ILO are in Rome.
    False.
    Correct: The headquarters of ILO are in Geneva.
  5. The largest specialized agency of the UN is WHO.
    True.

E. Answer the following questions in one or two words/sentences:

Question 1.
Why were the specialized agencies of the UN established?
Answer:
The objectives of the specialized agencies of UN is to solve economic, social, cultural and problem through international cooperation. A number of specialized agencies have been established to achieve these goals.

Question 2.
Name one specialized agency of the UN.
Answer:
WHO (The World Health Organization).

Question 3.
What does the acronym UNESCO stand for?
Answer:
UNESCO: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Question 4.
What does the acronym UNICEF stand for at present?
Answer:
The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.

Question 5.
Why is it necessary to ensure that workers are content and i happy?
Answer:
A country can progress and prosper if the workers are content and happy.

Question 6.
What important programmer did the FAO launch to eliminate hunger?
Answer:
To eliminate hunger through its most important programmer called ‘Food for AH’.

Question 7.
What does the FAO do in the event of an emergency food situation in any country?
Answer:
Special FAO programmes also help countries to prepare for an provide relief in the event of emergency  food shortages

Question 8.
Why is World Health Day observed on 7 th April every year?
Answer:
Its main purpose is to improve the standard of health all over the world. World Health Day is observed on 7 April every year to mark the founding of the WHO.

F. Answer the following questions briefly:

Question 1.
A number of specialized agencies of the UN have been set up in the interest of human affairs. In this context answer the following questions:
(a) Mention the functions and activities of the UNESCO.
(b) Why was UNICEF originally established? What are its long-term goals at present?
(c) Mention any four endeavours of UNICEF to achieve its goals.
Answer:
(a)
UNESCO implements its activities through the five programmer areas of Education, Natural Science, Social and Human Sciences Culture Communication and Information.
Main functions of UNESCO:

  1. It provides international leadership in creating learning societies with educational opportunities for all, it supports research in comparative Education and provides experts and foster partnerships & strengthen national educational leadership and capacity of the countries to offer quality education for all.
  2.  It encourages free flow of ideas by images and words by promoting freedom of expression press freedom and access to information, through the International  Programmer for the Development of communication and the communication and Information Programmer.
  3. It promotes events such as International literacy Day International year for the culture of Peace.
  4. It also promotes founding and funding of projects such as FRESH (Focusing Resources on Effective School Health) International Council of Science etc.

(b)
UNICEF was known as United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund when it was established in 1946 originally to provide emergency aid to children and their mothers in countries devastated by the Second World War. The goal of UNICEF is the realization for every child, of the opportunity to enjoy the basic rights and privileges. It tries to solve the problem of exploitation of children and child labour. UNICEF provides assistance to nations for running childcare centers.. It provides assistance to young mothers and also provides medicines to newborn babies and mothers. UNICEF continues to work for the welfare of children (in backward countries) in the fields of education, health and sanitation, nutrition, water, environment, women, welfare, social justice, etc.
(c)
Endeavours of UNICEF to achieve its goals are:

  1.  Its tries to solve the problem of exploitation of children and child labour.
  2. It provides assistance to nations for running childcare centers.
  3.  It provides assistance to young mothers and also provides medicines to newborn babies and mothers.
  4. UNICEF continues to work for the welfare of children (in developing countries) in the fields of education, health and sanitation, nutrition, water, environment, women’s welfare, social justice, etc.

Question 2.
With reference to the ILO and the FAO discuss:
(a) The aims and activities of the ILO
(b) The aims of the FAO
(c) The activities of the FAO
Answer:
(a)
The ILO was set up in 1919 at the end of the First World War, with its headquarters at Geneva, Switzerland. Later, when the UN was formed it became its first specialized agency. The ILO seeks to promote peace and prosperity in the world by ensuring social and economic justice to workers all over the world. A country can progress and prosper if the workers are content and happy. It sets guidelines for improving the living and working conditions of workers everywhere.

(b) Main aims of FAO:

  1. To raise the standard of living of the people.
  2. To raise the levels of nutrition.
  3. To eliminate hunger through its most important programmer called ‘Food for All’
  4. To increase agricultural production and distribution of food and promote rural development.

(c)

  1. FAO promotes investment in agriculture, better soil and water management, improved yields of crops and livestock.
  2. It also provides technical assistance in the fields of nutrition, agricultural engineering, development of communications and prevention of food losses.
  3. Special FAO programmes also help countries to prepare for an provide relief in the event of emergency food shortage.

Question 3.
With reference to the WHO discuss the following:
(a) The establishment of the WHO
(b) The activities of the WHO
(c) The projects supported by the WHO
Answer:
(a)
The WHO was established in 1948. Its headquarters are in Geneva. The World Health Organization is the largest specialized agency of the UN. It is guided by the belief that good health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being.
(b)
The activities of the WHO are as follows:

  1. It carries out worldwide campaigns to combat diseases like AIDS, cholera, malaria, plague, polio, etc.
  2. It encourages medical research, provides information on diseases, organizes health services and spreads health awareness.

(c)
The WHO supports projects related to:

  1. Education concerning health problems.
  2. Proper food supply and nutrition.
  3. Safe water and sanitation.
  4. Maternal and child health, including family planning,
    Immunization against major infectious diseases.
  5.  Prevention and control of local diseases.
  6.  Proper treatment of common diseases and injuries.
  7. Provision of essential drugs.

G Picture Study:
This is the logo of the headquarters of a specialized agency of the UN which was established in 1948.
The Trail History and Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions - Specialized Agencies of the UN 4

1. Name the agency.
Ans: WHO.

2. What is the main purpose of this agency?
Ans: To improve the standard of health all over the world.

3.What does it do to achieves its objectives?
Ans. It carries out worldwide campaigns to combat diseases like AIDS, cholera, malaria, plague, polio, etc. It encourages medical research, provides information on diseases, organizes health services and spreads health awareness.

4. Mention one important achievement of this agency.
Ans: WHO has succeeded in eradicating smallpox from the world.

5. Name any two other specialized agencies of the UN.  State one important objective of each agency.
Answer:
The two specialized agencies of the UN are as below:

  1. UNICEF (THE UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND)
    It provides assistance to nations for running child care centers and emphasizes giving nutritional food to children.
  2. WHO (The World Health Organization)It provides education concerning health problems and proper food supply, safe water, sanitation and maternal and child health,, including family planning. It also provides immunization against major infectious diseases.

OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Name the specialized agencies of What is the purpose?
Answer:
World Health Organization (WHO) is largest specialized agency of the UN. WHO is the directing and coordinating authority of health within the United Nations System. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda setting norms and standards, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends.

Its Main Purposes:

  1.  Providing leadership on matters critical health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed
  2. Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge.
  3. Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation
  4. Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options
  5. Providing technical support and building sustainable institutional capacity
  6. Monitoring the health situations and assessing health trends.

Question 2.
What is the purpose of WHO? To what extent has it been successful in its mission?
Answer:
Its Main Purposes:

  1. Providing leadership on matters critical health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed
  2.  Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge.
  3. Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation
  4. Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options
  5. Providing technical support and building sustainable institutional capacity
  6.  Monitoring the health situations and assessing health trends. The WHO has helped in the improvement of public health. It has helped in fighting and eradicating several diseases like smallpox, malaria, tuberculosis etc. It has helped to set up childcare centers and also trained a large facilitates students to go for higher education in medicine by providing scholarships.

Question 3.
What do the following acronyms stand for? State one important function of each agency.
(1) UNESCO
(2) UNICEF
(3) ILO
(4) FAO
Answer:

  1. UNESCO: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization .
    Function: It encourages international cooperation between artists, scientist and scholars in all fields.
  2. UNICEF: The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.
    Function: To solve the problem of exploitation of children and child labour.
  3. ILO: The International Labour Oraganization
    Function: It seeks to promote peace and security in the world by ensuring social and economic justice all over the world.
  4. FAO: Food and Agricultural Organization
    Function: To eliminate hunger through its most important programmer called ‘Food For All’

 

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