A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions Establishment of the British Empire

A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions Establishment of the British Empire (A.D.1757-1856).

These Solutions are part of A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions  Here we have given. A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions Establishment of the British Empire(A.D.1757-1856)

EXERCISES

I. Answer the following questions in 40-50 words :

Question 1.
When did the British get the Diwani Rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa ?
Answer:
After being successful in the Carnatic Wars (1744-1763), the British got the Territory of Northern Sircars. After their success in the Battle of Buxar (1764), the English got the Diwani Rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

Question 2.
Name two territories annexed by Lord Wellesley under the Subsidiary System.
Answer:
Lord Wellesley made the Subsidiary System the corner ­stone of his policy and brought many Indian princes under the British control. Nizam of Hyderabad accepted this system in return for Rs. 24 Lakh a year, by handing over the territories of Bellari and Cuddapah, and Hyderabad went under the British domination, Nawab of Oudh gave Rohilkhand and Gorakhpur, etc. Baroda, Tranvancore and other Rajput slates also accepted the system. In 1802, Peshwa Baji Rao II signed the Treaty of Bassein and the Marathas came under the .protection of the British.

Question 3.
What was the Doctrine of Lapse ?
Answer:
The Doctrine of Lapse was issued by Lord Dalhousie. This doctrine means that if the ruler of a dependent state should die without any heir (i.e. son), that state would lapse or pass back to the British Company and the adopted son would inherit only the personal property of the deceased ruler.

Question 4.
What was the relation of the English with Tipu Sultan?
Answer:
The First Mysore War was fought between Hyder Ali and
the English between 1767 to 1769 and he won the war and also forced the British  sign a Treaty. Hyder Ali was attacked by the Marathas, but against the promise-the English did not come to his help. After seizing the port of Make from the French, the English refused to the demand of Hyder Ali to vacate it, so Hyder Ali declared war against them in 1780. He died in 1782 and his son Tipu Sultan, continued the war for two years and again the Treaty was made in 1784.

Afterwards, again Tipu attacked the ruler of Travan core in 1789, who was ally of the English, so they declared war against Tipu in 1790 and again he was compelled to make peace in 1792. After war, the English got a big share – Malabar and Coorg in the West. Dindigul in the South and Baramahal in the east Tipu had to pay huge war indemnity of more than £30,00,000 and two of his sons as hostages to the English, both sides set free the prisoners of war. This war destroyed Tipu’s dominant position in the South and the British again became successful. So, Tipu Sultan was also cheated by the cunning policies of the English.

Question 5.
Which territories were annexed by Dalhousie by conquests ?
Answer:
Lord Dalhousie extended the boundaries of the British empire by every possible measure. He annexed the Punjab, Lower Burma and Sikkim after waging ruthless wars. The Punjab was annexed in 1849, when the Sikhs were defeated in the Second Sikh War. Lower Burma was annexed in 1852 as a result of the Second Burmese War and Sikkim was annexed in 1850 after a short fight with Raja of Sikkim who was alleged to have treacherously seized Two Englishmen.

Answer the following questions in 80-100 words :

Question 1.
Give a brief account of the British territories up to 1798.
Answer:
Upto 1750 the East India Company had established colonies/factories at Surat, Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. After the success of Battle of Plassey in 1757 the English had established their control over Bengal. After Carnatic Wars (1744-1763), they got the territory of North Sircars. After their success in the Battle of Buxar (1764) the English got the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa from the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam in 1765. During the time of Warren Hastings (1772-1785) they annexed the island of Salsette and the port of Mahe. Again during the period of Cornwallis (1786-1793) after Mysore War Malabar, Coorge, Dindigul and Baramahal were annexed, but the next Governor General Sir John Shore (1793-1798), followed the peaceful policy.

Question 2.
How did Lord Wellesley extend the British empire in India ?
Answer:
During the Governor-Generalship of Lord Wellesley (1798­1805) were the Second and the Third Maratha Wars. Maratha chiefs Scindia and Bhonsle refused the Subsidiary System and declared war against the English in 1803. After the success of the English, they lost the territories of Ahmednagar, Broach, Ganga-Yamuna Doab, Cuttak and Balasore.

Question 3.
What methods were adopted by Lord Dalhousie to extend the British empire in India ?
Answer:
The British Governor Generals became successful to expand the British Empire up to a large part of India by very shrewd policies and wars. The Subsidiary System was issued by the British people in such a cunning way, that in every case the gain was exploited by them. British Empire expanded almost all over India except Rajasthan and Hyderabad, Kingdom of Nizam under the guidance of Lord Dalhousie. Punjab and Sikkim were annexed by Lord Dalhousie in 1849 and Lower Burma and Sikkim in 1852 and 1850 respectively, by conquests. Besides this the states annexed by the application of the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ were Satara (1848), Jaitpur (1850), Sambhalpur (1850), Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Nagpur (1853) and Jhansi (1854). Again Oudh was annexed in 1856. Nizam of Hyderabad gave his territories to the British for ” his subsidy.

Question 4.
What was the Subsidiary System ? Describe its main features and the territories annexed under this system.
Answer:
Almost every Governor General of the British rule, applied this system to capture Indian states, but it was thoroughly followed by Wellesley. According to this system, the Indian states had to pay heavy amount for maintenance of their force for protecting them along with the promise of no entry of any other foreigner except the English, and completely accepting the supremacy of the British power. By this the British annexed many territories including Bellari, Cuddapah, Rohilkhand, Gorakhpur, and Ganga- Yamuna Doab, Travancore and various other parts from Rajputs.

Question 5.
Discuss British relations with the Marathas.
Answer:
The Marathas were the main rival of the British, because they were the brave warriers and strong obstacle to the British power. The British fought four Maratha Wars from 1775 to 1818. The different members of the Maratha Confederacy were soon defeated-the Peshwa at Kirkee, Asthi at Koregaon, Bhonsle at Sitabaldi and Holkar at Mohidpur. The Maratha power was thus completely crushed.

III. Fill in the blanks :

1. The British established their rule over Bengal after the battle of Plassey.
2. Tipu sultan was the son of Hyder Ali.
3. By the Treaty of Bassein Peshwa Baji Rao II accepted the Subsidiary System.
4. Lord Hardinge annexed Jalandhar Doab and Cis-Sutlej States to the British empire.
5. By the Doctrine of Lapse Lord Dalhousie annexed many territories in the British empire.

IV. Match the contents of Column A with Column B :

Answer:

Practice Questions – 1

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. Bengal in the 18th century was the richest and most fertile province in India.
2. The largest and the most prosperous European settlement in Bengal was the British settlement at Calcutta
3. The employees of the Company were entitled to private trade but they were not entitled to Company’s privilege
4. Alivardi Khan was succeeded by Siraj-ud-Daulah
5. In 1757 Robert Clive recovered Calcutta which had been captured by Siraj-ud-Daulah in 1756
6. In 1765, Awadh was returned to Shuya-ud-Daulah but Kora and Allahabad and were taken away and given to Shah Alum II
7. Shah Alam II granted the Company the Diwani of Bengal and Bihar and Orissa, in 1765.
8. Warren Hastings deposed and pensioned off the Nawab of Bengal and brought Bengal under the direct, and complete control of the Company.
9. Warren Hastings laid the foundations of an organized system of in government bengal

B. Match the following.

Answer:

C. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why were European traders attracted to Bengal?
Answer:
Bengal was the richest and the most fertile province in Ind at that time. It was known as the paradise of the earth are this province attracted traders from many European countries

Question 2.
What privileges did the farman of 1717 confer on the English East India Company?
Answer:
By the ‘Farman” of 1717, the English East India compare was granted the right to carry on duty-free trade in Benge They were allowed to export and import goods from and Bengal without paying any taxes to the government. The were given the right to issue passes or dastaks for the in movement of their goods.

Question 3.
Why did the farman of 1717 become a bone of content between the Nawabs of Bengal and the British Company
Answer:
The Nawabs of Bengal wanted British company to pay tax on trade like the Indians. But the Britishers refused to do 5 This created conflict between both the parties and resulted wars between both of them.

Question 4.
Why did Siraj-ud-Daulah attack Calcutta in 1756?
Answer:
When the Britishers tried to fortify Calcutta, Siraj-ud-Daul ordered both the British and the French to dismantle the fortifycations and not to fight private wars on his territory. T French agreed but the British refused. This enraged the New and he attacked Calcutta with a large army and captured William.

Question 5.
What plot did Robert Clive hatch to remove Siraj-ud Daulah?
Answer:
Robert Clive hatched a plot with some of the influential men in the Nawabs court to overthrow Siraj-ud-Daulah. He signed a secret treaty with Mir Jafar Commander-in-chief of the Nawab’s forces to make him Nawab of Bengal in yetum of large amount of money. The British then presented in front of Siraj-ud-Daulah a set of impossible demands. This led to war between both the parties.

Question 6.
Why did Siraj-ud-Daulah lose the Battle of Plassey?
Answer:
Siraj-ud-Daulah and Robert Clive marched with their forces to plassey. But a major part of the Nawab’s army under the command of Mir Jafar did not take any part in the battle. Realizing that he had been betrayed, Siraj-ud-Daulah fled away from the battlefield.

Question 7.
Mention three important results of the Battle of Plassey.
Answer:
Results of Battle of Plasey

• The English East;India company was granted the undisputed right to free trade in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
• The Company was given the zamindari of the 24 parganas.
• Mir Jafar paid the Company and its officials over 300 lakh rupees.

Question 8.
The battle of Plassey is a turning point in the history of India. Explain.
Answer:
The Battle of Plassey was a major turning point in the history of India.

• It paved the way for the establishment of British rule in Bengal and, eventually, the rest of India.
• It transformed a trading company into a political power.
• It provided the British the vast resources of Bengal, which helped them to win the Third camatic war and other expeditions in India .

Question 9.
What steps  did Mir Qasim take to strong the his position?
Answer:
To strengthen his position, Mir Qasim improved the financial position of Bengal and raised a modem, disciplined and well- equipped army trained by the Europeans.

Question 10.
Why did Mir Qasim abolish all duties on internal trade?
Answer:
The employers of the company misused their trade privileges. They sold their duty-free trade points to Indian merchants who also used them to can on duty-free trade. This deprived the Nawab fo large revenues. To put an end to the corrupt practices of the British, Mir Qasim abolished all duties on internal trade

Question 11.
When and between whom was the Battle of Buxar fought?
Answer:
The Battle of Buxar was fought in 1764. It was fought between .British on one hand and Mir Qasim, ruler of Bengal, Shuja-ud- Daulah Nawab of Awadh and Mughal Emperor shah Alam II with an alliance on the other.

Question 12.
What was the result of the British victory in the Battle of Buxar?
Answer:
Results of the British victory  in the Battle of Buxar

• The British company was granted the undisputed right to free trade in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
• The company was given the Zamindari of the 24 parganas.
• Mir Jafar paid the company and its over 300 lakh rupees.

Question 13.
In 1765 the British signed treaties with
(1) the Nawab of Awadh officials
(2) the Mughal emperor and
(3) the Nawab of Bengal. In this context mention any two important terms of each of these treaties.
Answer:
Important terms of the treaty :
With the Nawab of Awadh :

• Awadh was returned to shiya-ud-Daulah but he had to give two districts of Kora and Allahabad.
• The Nawab of Awadh had to pay a war indemnity of 50 lakh rupees to the company with the Mughal emperor.
• The British gave Shah Alam II, the districts of Kora and Allahabad and an annual pension of 26 lakh rupees.
• In return the emperor granted the company the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

With the Nawab of Bengal :

• The Nawab had to disband most of his army.
• He also had to transfer the ‘Nizamat’ powers to a deputy Nawab appointed by the British.

Question 14.
What do you understand by the term ‘Dual Government’? When and by whom was it introduced?
Answer:
Dual govenment is a form of government wherein there were two masters of the state. It was introduced by Robert Clive in 1765 in Bengal.

Question 15.
What were the drawbacks of the Dual Government? Who abolished it?
Answer:
In Dual government the company enjoyed power without any responsibilities.. The Nawab on the other hand, was burdened with the responsibility of administration without the resources necessary. These were the drawbacks of this form of government.

Question 16.
In the conflict between the Nawabs of Bengal and the English East India Company, mention the important of the following dates :

1. 1717
2. June   1756
3. January 1757
4.  June   1757
5.  1764
6.  1765
7. 1773

Answer:

1. 1717 : The Mughal Emperor issued a farman, granting the East India company the right to carry on duty-free trade in Bengal.
2. June 1756 : Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah marched towards Calcutta with a large army and captured Fort William in June 1756.
3. January 1757 : Robert Clive reconquered Calcutta with a strong military force by January 1757.
4. June 1757 : The Battle of Plassey was fought in June between Siraj-ud-Daulah and British forces under the leadership of Robert Clive.
5. 1764 : The Battle of Buxar was fought in 1764 between British company and combined forces of three allies i.e Shuja-ud-Daulah Nawab of Awadh, Mughal Emperor- Shah Alam II and Mir Qasbn-Nawab of Bengal .
6. 1765: Robert Clive introduced Dual government in Bengal in 1765.
7. 1773 : In 1773, by the Regulating Act, Warren Hastings was made the governor general of British territories in India.

D. State whether the following are true or false.

1. The Nawab of Bengal, Alivardi Khan, was succeeded by Mir Jafar.
   Ans. False Reason The Nawab of Bengal, Aliwardi Khan was succeeded by Siraj-ud-Daulah

2. The Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757.
   Ans. True.

3. The Treaty of Allahabad was signed between the British Company and Mir Qasim.
   Ans.
   False.Reason:- The Treaty of Allahabad was signed between the British and Shuja-ud-Daulah

4. The Dual Government in Bengal was introduced by Robert Clive.
   Ans. True

5. The British army was defeated in the Battle of Buxar.
   Ans. False.Reason The British army won in the Battle of Buxar.

Practice Questions – 2

A. Fill the in the blanks.

 1. Hyder Ali’s growing power aroused the jealousies of the Marathas, the Nizam and the British
2. Lord Cornwallis was sent to India as Governor-General with instructions to follow the policy of non – intervention.
3. When Tipu attacked Travancore in 1789, Cornwallis formed an alliance with the Marathas and the Nizam
4. The Subsidiary Alliance system was used by Lord Wellesley, to bring Indian rulers under British control without the cost and botheration of war
5. The five centers of Maratha power were:

1. The Sindhias of Gwalior
2. The Holkars of Indore
3. The Bhonsle family of Nagpur
4. The Gaekwadfamily of Baroda
5. The Peshwa of Poona (Pune)

6. The Govemors-General during the First and Second Anglo- Maratha Wars were Warren Hastings and Lord Wellesley.
7. The Second Anglo-Maratha War was a severe blow to the Sindhia and Bhonslea of the Marathas.
8. After defeating the Marathas in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the British placed a descendant Shivaji on the throne of Satara.

B. Match the following.

Answer:

C. Answer the following Quetions.

Question 1.
Mention the causes of the
(1) First
(2) Second
(3) Third and
(4) Fourth Mysore Wars.

Ans.
(1) First: The main cause of the first Mysore War was the growing power of Hyder Ali which aroused the jealousies of the neighbouring states like the Marathas, the Nizam and the British. They formed an alliance against Hyder .Ali but he diplomatically won over the Nizam and the Marathas to his side.

(2) Second : When the Marathas invaded Mysore in 1771, the British did not fulfilled their promise to help Hyder Ali. So he waited for an opportunity to take revenge. When the British occupied the French port of Mahe, Hyder Ali seized the opportunity to declare war on the British.

(3) Third : Cornwallis formed an alliance with the Marathas arid the Nizam as they were jealous of Tipu’s growing power. So a war broke out in 1790 to crush the Nawab.

(4) Fourth : Tipu Sultan could not forget the humiliation of his defeat in the Third Mysore War. He began to make elaborate preparations to avenge his defeat. When Lord Wellesley arrived in India, he demanded Tipu’s acknowledge of British sovereignity. But Tipu refused to do so.

Question 2.
State the terms of the Treaty of Seringapatnam signed after Tipu’s defeat in the Third Mysore War (1792).
Answer:
The terms of the Treaty of Seringapatnam were

1. Tipu had to surrender half of his kingdom which was shared between the British and their allies.
2. Tipu had to pay a heavy war indemnity of 330 lakh rupees.
3. He had to hand over two of his sons as hostages to the British.

Question 3.
What happened to Tipu’s kingdom after his death in the Fourth Mysore War (1799)?
Answer:
After Tipu’s death half of his kingdom was their ally, the Nizam. The rest was given to descendant of the original Raja of Mysore from whom Hyder had usurped Power.

Question 4.
Why did the subjugation of Mysore prove very beneficial to the British?
Answer:.
The Subjugation of Mysore prove very beneficial to the British as they made substantial financial commercial, military, territorial and political gains. The company territory now extended from Malabar to the Cormandel Coast.

Question 5.
What terms and conditions did the Indian rulers have to accept in return for British protection under the Subsidiary Alliance?
Answer:
The Indian rulers had to accept certain terms and condition in return for British protection under the Subsidiary Alliance like

1. British troops would be permanently placed in the territory of the Subsidiary state.
2. The ruler would have to pay for the maintenance of the troops.
3. He could not employ any europeans in his service or dismiss those who were already there.
4. He could not form an alliance with any other power or declare war against any power without the permission of the British.
5. He would acknowledge the British Company as the paramount power.

Question 6.
What advantages did the British enjoy under the Subsidiary Alliance system?
Answer:
The Subsidiary Alliance proved very advantageous for the British like.

1. The British maintained large armies at the expense of the Indian rulers.
2. The British acquired valuable territories as subsidiary payment. This led to the expansion of the British empire in India and an increase in its resources.
3. The influence of European rivals, especially the French, was excluded from the courts of the Indian rulers.
4. The British controlled the foreign policy of the Subsidiary states.

Question 7.
What effect did the Subsidiary Alliance system have on the political status and administration of the Subsidiary state?
Answer:
The subsidiary Alliance system had great effect on the subsidiary state like

1. British troops would be permanently placed in the territory of the Subsidiary state.
2. The ruler would have to pay for the maintenance of the troops.
3.  He could not employ any Europeans in his service or dismiss those who were already there.
4.  He could not form an alliance with any other power or declare war against any power without the permission of the British.
5. He would acknowledge the British Company as the paramount power.

Question 8.
Why did the rulers of Subsidiary states lose interest in the welfare of their subjects?
Answer:
The Subsidiary Alliance system had a disastrous effect on the subsidiary state like

• The Indian rulers of Subsidiary state lost their independence. They became virtual puppets in the hands of the British.
• The payment of huge subsidies led to a heavy drain on their resources and the impoverishment and decay of the state. The British used it as an excuse for annexing the kingdom on grounds of misgovernment.
• The Indian rulers were fully protected by the British against external and internal enemies. So they lost interest in the welfare of the people, as they were no longer afraid of revolts. The people suffered untold miseries under irresponsible and oppressive rulers.

Question 9.
State the (1) causes and (2) the results of the First Anglo- Maratha War.
Answer:
(1) Causes of the First Anglo-Maratha war was

The main cause of the war was over the issue of . succession between the supporters of Madhav Rao II, the infant Peshwa and the supporters of Raghunath Rao, one of the contenders for the throne. The British supported Raghunath Rao in the hope of getting valuable territories whereas Maratha Chiefs under the leadership of Nana Phadnavis supported infant Peshwa. A war broke out  between both the parties.

(2) Result of the First Anglo War

• The British acknowledged Madhav Rao II as the Peshwa and were allowed to retain Salsette.
• Raghunath Rao was pensioned off.

Question 10.
What is the importance of the Treaty of Salbai (1782)?
Answer:
The Treaty of Salbai is an important landmark in the history of India. It gave the British 20 years of peace with the Marathas – a period utilized by the Company to strengthen their position in Bengal and subjugate Mysore.

Question 11.
Why did Peshwa Baji Rao II sign the Treaty of Bassein (1802)?
Answer:
Peshwa Baji Rao II sign the Treaty of Bassein (1802) as a price for British Protection and support

Question 12.
Why did the Second Anglo-Maratha War,break out in 1803? What gains did the British make?
Answer:
After the death of Peshwa Madhav Rao IF his successor Peshwa Baji Rao li proved to be a weak and indecisive ruler. The lack of unity among the Maratha Chief and the power struggle between them proved to  their undoing when Baji Rio signed the subsidiary Treaty governor-general Lord Wellesley asssumed that all the other Maratha Chief would automatically accept it but Sindhia and Bhonse declared war against the British-in 1803.The British got large, tracts of valuable territory from Sindhia  and Bhonsle and declared them as their overlords. British troops and residents were posted in their territories.

Question 13.
Discuss the results of the victory of the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha war (1818).
Answer:
The result of the Third Anglo-Maratha War was 

1. Peshwa Baji Rao II was deposed and exiled to Bithur as a pensioner of the British.
2. His territories were annexed.
3.  A small state, Satara, was carved out from his territories and a descendant of Shivaji was placed on the throne.
4. Bhonsle and Holkar ceded large parts of their territories to the British.
5. Holkar accepted the Subsidiary Alliance.
6. The Maratha power was finally extinguished.

D. State whether the following are true or false.

1. The Subsidiary Alliance system was a method perfected by Warren Hastings.
   False.
   Reason The Subsidiary Alliance System was a method perfected by Lord Wellesley.

2. The First Anglo-Maratha War was fought during the Governor-Generalship of Lord Cornwallis.
   False
   Reason:- The First Anglo-Maratha war was fought during the Go vernor-Generalship of Warren Hastings.

3. After Hyder Ali’s death, his son Tipu Sultan continued the Anglo-Maratha Wars.
   True

4. The First Anglo-Maratha War was brought to an end by the Treaty of Allahabad.
   False.
   Reason :- The First Anglo Maratha War was brought to an end by the Treaty of Salbai

5. After his defeat in the Second Anglo-French War, Tipu Sultan had to give away two of his sons as hostages.
   False
   Reason :- After his defeat in Third Anglo-French war,Tipu Sultan had to give away two of his sons as hostages.

Practice Questions – 3

A. Fill in the blanks

1. According to the Treaty of Amritsar, the river Sutlej, became the boundary line between the Sikh kingdom and the British territories.
2. In 1843, Ranjit Sngh became the ruler of the Sikh kingdom under the guardianship of Rani Jindan.
3. By 1843, the Sikh Army had become all powerful and posed a serious threat to the British
4. The First Sikh War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Lahore in 1846.
5. The British sold Kashmir to Gulab Singh, a Dogra Chief.
6. Lord Dalhousie adopted three methods to make the British the paramount power in India.
7. Dalhousie annexed Awadh on the grounds of Maladministration
8. The adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II was denied the pension that his father used to get from the British.
8. Jhansi was annexed by Dalhousie on the basis of the Docrine of Lapse.

B. Match the following.

Answer:

C. Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
Describe the conditions in the Sikh kingdom after the death of Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
After Ranjit singh’s death his successors were weak and inefficient, incapable of keeping the vast kingdom under control. Ambitious and corrupt leaders tried to take advantage of the situation to satisfy their selfish interests. The kingdom was tom by internal strife and a struggle for power.

Question 2.
Why did Rani Jindan provoke the army to cross the Sutlej?
Answer:
According to the treaty of Amritsar signed by Ranjit singh and  Lord Minto, the river sutlej was boundary between the the army to cross the sutlej to weaken it and destroy its influence.

Question 3.
Why did the Sikh lose the First Anglo-Sikh War?
Answer:
The Sikhs lost the first Anglo-sikh war due to the corrupt nobles present in the court. The soldiers fought heroically and with great courage but were ultimatley defeated due to the treachory of their own leaders, who were bribed by the British to betray their own men

Question 4.
Mention the important terms of the Treaty of Lahore of 1846.
Answer:
The important terms of the Treaty of Lahore are

1. Two third of the sikh kingdom, including the fertile Jalandhar Doab and kashmir, came under British control.
2. The Sikh army was reduced. Dalip Singh continued as ruler but a British Resident and a powerful British force were posted at Lahore.
3. Kashmir was sold to a Dogra chief, Gulab Singh, and the title of maharaja was conferred on him.
4. Later, by another treaty in the same year, Rani Jindan was removed from her post. The British Resident was given full authority over the punjab administration as a trustee of Maharaja Dalip Singh.

Question 5.
Why did Dalhousie declare war on the Sikh in 1848?
Answer:
Dalhousie declared war on the Sikhs in 1848 as with the annexation of punjab, the conquest of India was complete. India now consisted of British Indian provinces under direct British rule with the subordinate states indirectly controlled by the British.

Question 6.
Mention the results of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Answer:
Results of the Second Anglo Sikh War

• Punjab was annexed by Lord Dalhousie in 1849.
• Maharaja Dalip Singh was pensioned off and sent to England.
• The Sikh regiments were placed under the command of British officers.

Question 7.
Name the territories annexed by Dalhousie. What method did the he apply to annex them?
Answer:
Name of the territory                   Method applied

1. Punjab                                                    war
2. Satara, Jhansi and
   Nagpur                                          Doctrine of lapse
3. Awadh                               Annexation on grounds of maladministration

Question 8.
Explain the term ‘Doctrine of Lapse’.
Answer:
Doctrine of Lapse was the policy of expansion adopted by lord Dalhousie, according to which all subordinate states where the ruler died without a natural male their would automatically lapse or pass into the hands of the British administration.

Question 9.
What was the reaction of the people to Dalhousie’s policy of annexation?
Answer:
Dalhousies policy of annexation caused widespread resentment among the Indian rulers and this failure was the main among the sailors responsible for the outbreak of the Revolt of 1857. This was also greatly resented by the people who preferred to be ruled by their own Nawabs, than by foreigners.

Question 10.
Account for the collapse of administration in Awadh by 1856.
Answer:
The administration in the Awadh collapsed as due to a treaty between Nawab and British the former was provided protection from external invasions and internal rebellions. It made the Nawabs complacent and unconcerned about the affairs of the state. The payment of annual subsidies to the company exhausted the state treasury and it came on the verge of collapsing.

Question 11.
Briefly explain the political conditions of India in 1856.
Answer:
By 1856 the English East India Company had brought the whole of India under its control of the British. The British had eliminated all their rivals and established themselves as the paramount power in India.

Question 12.
Mention the factors responsible for the victory of the British in overthrowing their Indian rivals.
Answer:
The factors responsible for the success of the British are

• Lack of unity among Indian rulers.
• Lack of organized and efficient administration in Indian states.
• Superior military resources of the company.
• Superior economic resources of the company.
• Naval supremacy of the British.

D. State whether the following are true or false.

1. Ranjit Singh’s successors could not keep the vast Sikh kingdom under control.
   True.  

2. The Treaty of Amritsar was signed between Rani Jindan and British.
   False.
   Reason The Treaty of Amritsar was signed between Ranjit Singh and British

3. According to the Treaty of Lahore, two third of the Sikh kingdom came under British control.
   True.

4. Punjab was annexed by Lord Hardinge in 1841.
   False.
   Reason Punjab was annexed by Lord Dalhousie in 1841.

5. By 1856, the English East India Company had brought the whole of India under its control.
   True.

More resources for ICSE Class 8

• A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions
• ICSE Solutions for Class 8 History and Civics
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 8 ICSE Solutions
• Selina Concise Physics Class 8 ICSE Solutions
• Selina Concise Chemistry Class 8 ICSE Solutions
• Selina Concise Biology Class 8 ICSE Solutions
• ICSE Solutions for Class 8 Geography Voyage

Hope given   A New Combined History & Civics for Class 8 ICSE Solutions Establishment of the British Empire are helpful to complete your  homework.

If you have any doubts, please comment below. APlusTopper try to provide online tutoring for you.