A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 7

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A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 7 Social and Cultural Developments Under The Mughals.

A New Combined Text Book of History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions (D.N Kundra, Goyal Brothers Prakashan)

These Solutions are part of A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions. Here we have given. A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 7 Social and Cultural Developments Under The Mughals.

I. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words each :

Question 1.
Who were the people who preached Hindu-Muslim unity during the Mughal period ?
Answer:
The Sufi saints and the leaders of the Bhakti Movement laid stress on Hindu-Muslim unity.

Question 2.
Narrate any three differences in the views of the orthodox and liberal group under the Mughals.
Answer:
There were many differences in the views of the orthodox and liberal group under the Mughals:
Liberal Group

  1. The continued many traditions and ways of life which they practiced before converting to Islam.
  2. They wanted to establish a nation state in India.
  3. They wanted to follow the policy of religious toleration.

Orthodox Group

  1. They insisted on giving up all such traditions.
  2. They wanted to establish a Muslim state in India.
  3. They were intolerant towards all religious faiths.

Question 3.
Name the different buildings built by Shah Jahan.
Answer:

  1. The Taj Mahal at Agra.
  2. Jama Mashid at Delhi.
  3. Pearl Mosque at Agra.
  4. Red Fort at Delhi.

Question 4.
Name any three literary works created during the Mughal period.
Answer:

  1. Tuzak-i-Babri by Babur.
  2. Tuzak-i-Jahangiri by Jahangir.
  3. Translation of Bhagwad Gita and Upanishad into Persian.

Question 5.
What were the chief characteristic features of the Mughal buildings ?
Answer:
The Mughal buildings had many special features of their own.

  1.  The Mughal buildings were extremely beautiful. Every stone is properly cut, grooved and polished.
  2. The use of white marble was in abundance.
  3. Fine and costly material is used.
  4. The building had fine mosaic work. They were inlaid with jewels and costly stones.
  5. They had beautiful gardens either outside or within the four walls.
  6. Most of the Mughal buildings are on raised platforms.
  7. They were decorated with beautiful domes and minarets.

II. Answer the following questions in 80-100 words each :
Question 1.
Give a pen-picture of the society during the Mughal period
Answer:
The society during the Mughal period was divided into three main groups, the upper class, the middle class and the lower class. The upper class consisted of the king, noble and high mansabdars. They lived a luxurious life. The traders, the government officers etc. who led a simple life formed the middle class. The fanners, artisans and labourers formed the lower class who worked hard to earn their livelihood.
The Hindu and Muslim customs were influenced by each other. They began to copy each others style in dress and food habits. Child marriage and sati system was common among the Hindus and the position of women was also low.

Question 2.
What were the contributions of the Mughals in the field of art, painting and literature ?
Answer:
The contribution of the Mughals in the field of art, painting and literature was great.
Literature. Babur was highly educated and his biography ‘Tuzak- i-Babri’ in Turki is a well known book. Urdu was born as a result of mutual interaction between the Hindus and Muslims. Akbar’s ‘Nine Gems’ were great scholars. Abul Fazal, Faizi, Raja Todar Mai, Birbal and Rahim were some of them. Jahangir’s Tuzak-i- Jahangiri is also a unique piece of literature. Shah Jahan was also a great patron of scholars. Badauni and Farishta were noted historians of his time.Art. Music and paintaing were encouraged by the Mughal Emperors. Music and painting became a mixture of Indian and Persian styles. Tansen was a well known musician of Akbar’s reign. Music developed in various forms like Thumri, Khayal and Ghazal. Many new instruments were invented. Painting also received great impetus during Akbar, Humayun and Jahangir’s reign.

Question 3.
The Mughals were great builders. Describe some of the Mughal buildings and their style of architecture.
Answer:
All the great Mughals were great builders. Akbar built many buildings in red stone. The Tomb of Humayun at Delhi, The Buland Darwaza are some pieces of architectural grandeur of Akbar’s time. Jahangir built the tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula in white marble. The Taj Mahal at Agra was built by Shah Jahan in the memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Red Fort at Delhi is also a place worth seeing. In all the Mughal buildings white marble is used in abundance. The material used is costly and the buildings are decorated with fine mosaic work. They are inlaid with jewels and costly stones. They are decorated with beautiful domes and minarets. Infact all Mughal buildings are very beautiful to look at.

III. Fill in the blanks :

  1. Humayun recaptured Delhi after defeating Sikander Suri.
  2. The Mughal rule united the country under one ruler.
  3. All officials under the Mughal rule, from Akbar downward, were from the upper class.
  4. The society during the Mughal period was divided into three main groups

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