A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 4

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A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 4 Cultural and Religious Developments Under the Delhi Sultans.

A New Combined Text Book of History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions (D.N Kundra, Goyal Brothers Prakashan)

These Solutions are part of A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions. Here we have given. A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 4 Cultural and Religious Developments Under the Delhi Sultans.

I. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words each :
Question 1.
Who were the people who formed the aristocracy under the Delhi Sultanate ?
Answer:
The society in the medieval period got divided into four major groups- the aristocracy, the priests, the town people and the common people. The aristocracy formed the ruling class. It consisted of the Sultans the nobles, the landlords and the Hindu rajas and princes.

Question 2.
What were the main social divisions during the Sultanate Period ?
Answer:
In the Sultanate period the society was divided into four main divisions namely the aristocracy, the priests, the town people and the common people. The first class, the aristocracy formed the ruling class. The second class, the priests were the chief advisers of the kings. The artisans, traders, merchants etc. formed the third class called the town people. The farmers and peasants who lived in poverty formed the fourth class of common people.

Question 3.
Name the important officers in the Sultanate period.
Answer:
The important officers of the Sultanate period were the chief Qazi, the Wazir, the Patwari, the Mushriff. the Muqaddam or the headman of the village, Bakhshi who was the paymaster and the Iqtadars who were military officers.

Question 4.
How did the coming of the Turks and Afghans influence architecture and music ?
Answer:
The coming of Turks and Afghans led to the mingling of Indian and Turkish styles and Indo Islam art and architecture developed. Arabian and Persian traditions of architecture were used along with Indian style of decorations and techniques. The Hindustani music developed due to the influence of the Persian and Arabic music. The Persian form of chorus singing called qawwali and new instruments like Sitar, Sarangi, Tabla became popular.

II. Answer the following questions in 80-100 words each :
Question 1.
What were the achievements of the Delhi Sultans in the field of art and architecture ?
Answer:
The art that developed in India under the Delhi Sultans had a mixed style which is called Indo-Muslim Art. Qutab Minar, Quwwat-ul- Islam Masjid, Alai Darwaza at Mehrauli near Delhi, Haus Khas, Tomb of Ghias-ud-Din Tughlaq, Firoz Shah Kotla, Lodhi Tomb etc. are some of the main buildings of Indo-Muslim art. Ferguson regarded Qutab Minar, “as the most perfect example of a tower known to exist anywhere in the world”. The Sultans also founded towns like Firozabad, Fatehabad, Hissar, Firoza and Agra which are fine specimens of art and architecture of those times.

Question 2.
Describe the important developments which took place in the languages of India during the sultanate period.
Answer:
During the Sultanate period, Persian became the language of the nobility and the official language of the court, Sanskrit remained the language of higher learning among the Hindus and many Sanskrit works were translated into Persian and Arabic. The Bhakti movement led the rise of various regional languages like Gujarati, Hindi, Tamil, Marathi etc. Remarkable literature was produced in ‘Urdu’ which was a mixture of Persian and Hindi. Amir Khusro and Amir Hussain Delhvi wrote superb poetry in Persian. Superb literature was produced in regional languages also.

III. Tick mark (✓) the correct statements :

  1. The Ulemas preached religious tolerance, (✗)
  2. The Brahmans were mostly learned people. (✓)
  3. Urdu was a new language developed among the soldiers. It became a popular language. (✓)
  4. The architectural styles of the Sultans were mostly Turkish. (✗)
  5. The Muslims of India believed in many gods like the Hindus, (✗)

A. Additional Questions
Question 1.
How did education develop in the Sultanate period ?
Answer:
As the ancient educational centres like Nalanda, Vikramshila, Benaras and Kashi etc. were destroyed, Private pathshalas and Gurukuls still existed. Several madrasas were set up for higher education. Firoz Shah started a residential educational centre at Firozabad near Delhi. Education remained popular among the higher strata of the society.

Question 2.
What was the economic condition of the people under the Delhi Sultans ?
Answer:
Under the Delhi Sultans, trade flourished inside the country and outside with foreign countries. Goods like rice, sugar, silk, wheat, cotton textile etc. flowed into Delhi from other parts of the country. India traded with China, Arabia, East Africa, Silver Tanka was a popular coin. Agriculture was an important source of economic prosperity. It prospered because special care was taken of irrigational facilities. Industry was also encouraged. Many professions of art. and technical nature also developed.

Question 3.
Throw some light on the religious life under the Delhi Sultans.
Answer:
Hindus and Muslims shed their hostilities and came closer. This brought a change in their religious outlook. The Sufi saints and the preachers of Bhakti movement helped in broadening the religious outlook. They preached oneness of God and

B.Match the Following:
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 4.1
Answer:
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 4.2

C. Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
Why is the period between 1206-1526 CE, known the period of the Delhi Sultanate ?
Answer:
The period between 1206-1526 CE, is known as the period of the Delhi Sultanate because the rulers were known as Sultans and they ruled from their capital city, Delhi.

Question 2.
Who established the Mamluk dynasty ?
Answer:
Qutbuddin Aibak was the founder of the Mamluk dynasty.

Question 3.
How did Iltutmish tackle the Mongol threat ?
Answer:
Once Mongol chief, Chenghiz Khan reached the borders of India in search of the Shah of Persia who fled towards India to get shelter but Iltutmish politely refused the Mongol chief to provide refuge and in this way he saved the threat of Mongol invasion.

Question 4.
Why is Iltutmish regarded as the true founder of the Turkish rule in India ?
Answer:
Ilutmish is regarded as the true founder of the Turkish rule in India because he transformed the loosely knit Ghori territories in India into a strong, well defined, compact state.

Question 5.
Why did Iltutmish nominate his daughter Razia as his successor ?
Answer:
Iltutmish nominated his daughter Razia as his successor because his sons were inexperienced, weak and worthless ruler and they spent all their time in fun and pleasure loving things whereas Razia was a brave, intelligent and just woman. She possessed all the qualities of a great monarch.

Question 6.
What did Balban do to strengthen the impression that the king was superior to the nobles ?
Answer:
The nobles had to kneel and touch the ground with their forehead to show their respect. Balban believed in the theory of divine kingship, i.e.the king was God’s representative on earth.

Question 7.
How did Balban restore security and stability in the kingdom?
Answer:
Balban organized the army by strengthening both infantry and cavalry. Me also built strong forts and set up elaborate spy system. He also suppressed a tribe who was robbing travelers and creating serious law and order problems. In this way Balban restored security and stability in the kingdom.

Question 8.
What measures did Balban adopt to strengthen his defenses against the Mongol threat ?
Answer:
Balban took several measures to strengthen his defences against Mongol threat like –

  1. He appointed his own sons as governors of frontier provinces.
  2. New forts were built and old ones repaired.
  3. Balban never left his capital to conquer new territories.
  4. The army was always kept in a state of readiness.
  5. It was also very well organised and equipped.

Question 9.
Mention two important contributions of Balban to the Delhi Sultanate.
Answer:
Two important contributions of Balban to the Delhi Sultanate were:

  1. Balban provided the Sultans a very powerful and strong kingdom.
  2. He gave the Sultans a kingdom which was economically prosperous where trade and commerce was flourishing.

Question 10.
The Persian and Arabic styles blended harmoniously with the classical Hindu style to make a distinctive Indo-Islamic style. Discuss.
Answer:
The turks brought with them Arabic and Persian architectural styles. They liked the classical style of Hindu architecture also, when these two styles were blended by them, a distinctive Indo- Islamic style came out. The Turkish monuments were plain whereas Hindu styles include use of floral and geometric designs. When both were combined, it gave a unique touch. Some of the important monuments of that time are Qutb Minar, Alai Darwaza, Firoz Shah Kotla etc.

Question 11.
Discuss the development during the Sultanate period in the following fields :
(1) Music
(2) Dance
(3) Painting
(4) Medicine
(5) Dress
Answer:

  1. Music — During this time fusion of Perso-Arabic and Indian classical music styles were done and outcomeof it was Hindustani Music. New musical instruments like the tabla^sitar and sarangi were also developed during this time. The Persian style of chorus qawwali was also popularized during this time.
  2. Dance — Kathak a dance form, originated during the Delhi Sultanate period. It combines Hindu themes with Persian costumes.
  3. Painting — The Turkish rulers were not much interested in Painting but the Rajput style of miniature painting continued in the Sultanate period.
  4. Medicine — A Turkish style of medicine known as Yunani became famous during that time.
  5. Dress — Due to new customs and practices the traditional life style of the Indians changed. Hindu and Muslims started wearing pyjama-kurtas, kaftans and Salwar-kameez.

D. State whether the following are true or false.

  1. Purdah system was strictly observed by the Muslim women.
    True
  2. Kathak combined Persian themes and Hindu costumes.
    True
  3. The Rajput style of miniature painting continued in the Sultanate period.
    True
  4. Yunani system of medicine was a legacy of the Turkish
    True
  5. The Delhi Sultans patronized Sanskrit.
    True
  6. Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad bin Tughls’ advice of the Ulemas.
    False
  7. The qazis administered justice according to Islamic law in cases involving Muslims.
    True
  8. lltutmish introduced copper and bronze coins.
    False

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