A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 3

A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 3 The Turkish Invasions and The Delhi Sultanate.

A New Combined Text Book of History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions (D.N Kundra, Goyal Brothers Prakashan)

These Solutions are part of A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions. Here we have given. A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 3 The Turkish Invasions and The Delhi Sultanate.

I. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words each :
Question 1.
Who was Mahmud Ghaznavi and what were his achievements?
Answer:
Mahmud Ghaznavi was the ruler of Ghazni. He was the first Turkish invader to invade India from the north western side. He attacked India from the north-western side 17 times during the course of 25 years (A.D. 1001 to A.D. 1025). The Somnath invasion was his most important invasion as he took back home large amount of gold, silver and jewels. He constructed beautiful buildings and mosques in his capital.

Question 2.
Who were the slave rulers ? Why were they so called ?
Answer:
The early rulers of the Muslim state in India were either themselves slaves or the sons of the slaves, so they were called the slave kings and the whole dynasty came to be known as the slave dynasty. The first slave ruler of slave dynasty was Qutab-ud-Din Aibak. Iltutmish, Razia Sultana, Balban were other important slave rulers.

Question 3.
What do you mean by the ‘Blood and Iron’ policy of Balban?
Answer:
When Balban ascended the throne in A.D. 1266, he had to face a number of difficulties. To overcome these he adopted a very stern policy generally known as the ‘Blood and Iron’ policy. He took out his sword and used it against all the rebels, traitors, thieves etc. It was because of this bold policy that he was able to . maintain, peace and order in the country.

Question 4.
Describe briefly Mongol policy of Ala-ud-Din Khilji.
Answer:
During Ala-ud-Din’s reign, the Mongols invaded India five times but every time they faced a defeat. Ala-ud-Din then made strong arrangements to check the repeated attacks of the Mongols. He got all forts along the routes of attack repaired and reinforced. He not only increased the number of soldiers but also organised, trained and disciplined the army. He was also ruthless to the captured leaders of Mongols. Thus the Mongols dreaded to cross into India because of his strong Mongol Policy.

Question 5.
Give the different causes of the failure of Muhammad Tughlak.
Answer:
Inspite of his accomplishments Muhammad-bin Tughlak failed miserably because of his lack of common sense, his hasty temperament, his proud and obstinate nature. He was not only hot tempered and whimsical he was also harsli and cruel. Unfavourable time, severe famine, opposition of the Muslims and vastness of his empire also led to the failure of his visionary plans. But the chief cause of his failure was none else except his own self.

II. Answer the following questions in 80-100 words each
Question 1.
Why is Muhammad Ghori regarded the founder of the Muslim Empire in India ?
Answer:
Muhammad Ghori is rightfully considered the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. Unlike Mahmud of Ghazni he was not merely interested in plundering. He annexed to his empire whatever he conquered. During his rule the Indian Muslim empire extended from Indus to Brahmputra. He also sounded the death knell of the three great Rajput kingdoms. Even when he was not in India, he left his efficient generals to complete his work of conquests. Whereas Mahmud of Ghazni was only interested in the wealth of India, Ghori wanted to make his conquests more permanent. He was interested in establishing a Muslim Empire in India. That is why he has been regarded as the real founder of Muslim Empire in India.

Question 2.
Who was Iltutmish ? What were his achievements ?
Answer:
Iltutmish was a slave of Qutab-ud-Din Aibak but rose to a high position because of his ability. He was also the son-in-law of Qutab-ud-Din Aibak and ascended the throne in A.D. 1210. He was undoubtedly a great ruler. He is generally regarded as the real founder of the Muslim Empire in India. He was the saviour of the Muslim Empire in India. The great task of consolidating the empire was done by him. He was a clever diplomat and also received the robe of honour from the Khalifa. He was not only a great solider but also a great lover of art and architecture. He was a builder, conquerer and an administrator.

Question 3.
Describe the achievements of Balban both as a Prime Minister and as a King.
Answer:
Balban proved to be a capable man both as a Prime Minister and as a king. He suppressed the internal revolts in Bengal and checked external aggression also. He crushed the ‘Forty’ with a heavy hand. He also punished the rebellious governors and thus maintained peace and order in the state. He adopted the stem policy of ‘Blood and Iron’ to repulse the repeated Mongol invasions. As a result of his ruthless policy, he was able to save the country from Mongol invasions. By his theory of kingship he ensured respect and awe for the kingly office. Infact he was the greatest king of the slave dynasty. He saved the infant Muslim state from extinction at such a critical time when there were problems from inside and outside.

Question 4.
Give a brief account of the Deccan compaigns of Ala-ud-Din Khilji. What policy did he adopt for the Deccan kingdoms ?
Answer:
After having become the master of the whole of northern India, he turned his attention towards Deccan. He sent a large army under the able leadership of his favourite general, Malik Kafur. He defeated Raja Ramchandra of Devagiri in A.D. 1306. Pratap Rudradeva of Warrangal in 1309, Dwarsamudra in A.D. 1310 and Madurai in A.D. 1311. He also attacked Devagiri again in A.D. 1312 when Shankradeva, its ruler refused to pay tributes. Ala-ud-Din followed the policy of just conquering Deccan and not annexing it. He made the rajahs his vassals and took heavy tributes from them. He was actually a far sighted statesman who knew that it would be difficult to rule south as it was at a great distance from Delhi.

Question 5.
Describe briefly the administrative set-up under the Delhi Sultans. How did it work ?
Answer:
Under the Delhi Sultans, the Sultan was a despot who ruled with the help of nobles. Qazi and Ulemas played a significant role in the administration but Sultans like Balban, Ala-ud-Din Khilji and Muhammad Tughlaq didn’t give them much importance.The government was divided into various departments, each of which was supervised by a minister or a high officer. The Wazir was the Chief Minister and the Bakhshi was the Paymaster of the army. The Qazi was the chief justice. Muqaddam was the hereditary headman of the village. Munsif supervised the accounts and the Patwari kept the local records. Jazia, Kharaj, Zakat and Kham were the main taxes and their rates differed from Sultan to Sultan. Collection of revenue and maintenance of law and order was the main concern of the administration.

III. Fill in the blanks :

  1. Muhammad Ghori w’as the real founder of the Muslim Empire in India.
  2. litutmish was the greatest of the slave kings.
  3. Balban was the Prime Minister of Na$ir-ud-din Mahmud.
  4. Malik Kafur was a slave and was known as Hazar Dinari.
  5. Ala-ud-din Khilji was the first Muslim ruler to penetrate into the Deccan.

IV. Tick mark (✓) the correct statements :

  1. Muhammad Ghori established the Muslim rule in India. (✓)
  2. Aibak completed the Qutab Minar of Delhi, (x)
  3. Jalal-ud-Din Khilji put an end to the slave dynasty. (✓)
  4. Muhammad Tughlak’s visionary plans failed because he was much ahead of his times. (✓)

V. Match the contents of Column A with those of Column B :
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 3.1
Answer:
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 3.2

Additional Questions :

Question 1.
Write a short note on the Firoz Shah Tughlak.
Answer:
Firoz Shah Tughlak was the successor of Muhammad-bin-Tughlak. Though he worked hard to promote welfare but he failed as a ruler.^He was a Muslim bigot. He became unpopular because he pulled down Hindu temples and charged Jazia from the Brahamans. The revival of Jagirdari was another drawback of his administration. He was also a weak general and his empire began to shrink.

Question 2.
Why is Muhammad Tughlak called ‘a mixture of opposites’?
Answer:
Muhammad Tughlak is called ‘a mixture of opposites’ because he was kind as well as cruel, he was short tempered yet forgiving, he was learned yet he behaved unwisely. That is why he is‘a mixture of opposites’

Question 3.
What were the economic and revenue reforms of Ala-ud-Din?
Answer:
In order to control his military expenses, Ala-ud-Din introduced various economic reforms. He controlled the prices by keeping. the prices of essential goods very low. He also appointed officers to keep a check on prices. He also introduced revenue reforms. Land revenue for all lands was prefixed. The revenue of the Doab was raised to one half of the total produce. The revenue officers were paid well so as to desist them from taking briefs. The revenue records were kept up to date and the dues were realised strictly.

B. Match the following.
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 3.3
Answer:
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 3.4


C.  Answer the Following Questions.
Question 1.
Why did Mahmud invade India so many times ?
Answer:
Mahmud wanted to build a large and well-equipped army to expand his kingdom and also to protect it from enemies in Central Asia. To fulfill this dream, he needed money which he got by invading
temples of North India, which were fabulously very rich.

Question 2.
What steps did Anandapal take to meet the challenge of a foreign attack ?
Answer:
Anandapal formed an alliance with the rulers of some of the important states of Western and Central India. Together they made elaborate arrangements to repulse the attack and protect the state from foreigners.

Question 3.
What did Mahmud do with the vast treasures he had looted from India ?
Ans.
Mahmud used the treasures which he drained away from India by transforming Ghazni into a magnificent capital city.Many mosques, libraries and museum were built in Ghazni. The court of Ghazni was decorated with sparkling pearls,
rubies and diamonds.

Question 4.
What is the significance of Muhammad Ghori’s victory in the Second Battle of Tarain ?
Answer:
The second battle of Tarain marked the end of the Rajput rule in North India and the kingdom of Delhi passed into the hands of Muhammad Ghori, which remained with the Muslim rulers till 1858. This battle helped Ghori to annex more Northern Indian territories and expand his empire.

Question 5.
What effect did Muhammad Ghori’s invasion of India have on Buddhism in India ?
Answer:
Due to Muhammad Ghori’s invasion of India many Buddhist monasteries and libraries were badly destroyed by the invaders. These invasions gave a death blow to Buddhism in India.

Question 6.
Why is Muhammad Ghori’s conquest of North India considered to be a turning point in Indian History ?
Answer:
Muhammad Ghori’s conquest of North India is considered to be a turning point in Indian History because within ten years of the Second Battle of Tarain, the powerful Rajputs kingdoms collapsed and India came into the hands of those who ruled over it for the next 300 years, that is the Sultans of Delhi.

D. State whether the following are true or false.

  1. Mahmud of Ghazni invaded India twenty times.
    False
  2. Mahmud of Ghazni did not want to establish an empire in India.
    True
  3. Sultan Mahmud annexed Punjab to create a gateway to India for future invasions.
    True
  4. Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni was the founder of the Turkish rule in India.
     False
  5. Muhammad Ghori was as great a military leader as Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni
     False

 

More resources for ICSE Class 7

Hope given A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 3 are helpful to complete your  homework.

If you have any doubts, please comment below. APlusTopper try to provide online tutoring for you.

Leave a Comment